Valvular Heart Disease- Exam Questions and Correct Answers Latest 2025 (Already Passed)

Valvular Heart Disease- Exam Questions and Correct Answers Latest 2025 (Already Passed) Major cause of valvular heart disease in undeveloped countries is - Answers Rheumatic fever Most Common cause of valvular heart disease in industrialized countries is - Answers degenerative disease Prevalence of valvular heart disease increases with - Answers age most affected valves - Answers aortic and mitral What percentage of population has a bicuspid aortic valve - Answers 2 True/Fale Aortic stenosis is progressive - Answers true determinant of aortic stenosis severity is the degree of - Answers degree of obstruction What to do if a patient with aortic stenosis is asymptomatic - Answers close observation and an exercise stress test can be performed What are symptoms of aortic stenosis - Answers dyspnea, angina, dizziness, syncope What to do if a patient with aortic stenosis is symptomatic - Answers Surgical intervention (CABG) What percent of life is expected in a patient with severe aortic stenosis - Answers 50% at 2 years What murmur can be heard on aortic stenosis - Answers crescendo decrescendo systolic murmur What clinical finding correlates with Aortic Stenosis severity - Answers timing and amplitude of the carotid pulse In aortic stenosis, will a CXR be normal or abnormal? - Answers Normal because it only causes LV hypertrophy in later stages What is the new treatment option for low to high risk patients with aortic stenosis - Answers transcatheter surgery (which has a better recovery time) Is aortic dissection more likely in a patient with a bicuspid aortic valve? - Answers Yes, they are 5 to 10 times more likely What is used to screen for bicuspid aorta - Answers TTE, MRA or CT When to replace the aorta in cases of bicuspid aortic valves - Answers if dilated greater than 4.5 cm What causes aortic regurgitation? - Answers Leaflet abnormalities, aortic root disease, or infectious endocarditis Clinical findings of aortic regurgitation - Answers Quinke pulse and Corrigan pulse Mitral stenosis is almost always cause by - Answers rheumatic fever Hallmark sign of mitral stenosis - Answers commisural fusion Gold standard test for mitral stenosis - Answers Doppler TTE Surgical treatment for mitral stenosis - Answers Percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty Type of murmur heard in mitral stenosis - Answers low pitched diastolic murmur heard at the apex mitral stenosis is common to have - Answers a fib Primary mitral regurgitation is also known as - Answers degenerative MR which is a disease of the valve (rheumatic disease or mitral valve prolapse) Secondary mitral regurgitation is also known as - Answers functional MR which is a disease of the ventricle from ischemia or dilation What type of murmur is heard in mitral regurgitation? - Answers holosystolic murmur present at LV apex Auscultation of a MR murmur with anterior leaflet pathology would be best heard - Answers in the axilla and in the back Auscultation of a MR murmur with posterior leaflet pathology would be best heard - Answers along the sternal border What is the ACC/AHA guidelines for severe MR - Answers EF 60%, LVESD 40 mm, MV area 40 mm2 Gold standard treatment for mitral regurgitation - Answers Mitral valve repair