LAT Laboratory Animal Technician LATEST
WITH 200 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS(VERIFIED ANSWERS)|AGRADE
U.S. Government provides approximately how much in research/development funds
spent by college and university? - Answer- 2/3
What information is important on grant applications to request funds? - Answer-
Detailed description of research goals, scientific basis of study, and review of relevant
literature and all procedures to be performed
What is the difference between NIH & NSF? - Answer- NIH: primary granting agency:
academia, federal agencies, biomedical research
NSF: Basic research in math, medicine, and biology
The USDA stands for what? - Answer- United States Department of Agriculture
The USDA is responsible for what? - Answer- Enforces and amends AWA
Auction, sale, exhibit, transport, breeding, or conduct of research with animals
Animals exempt from AWA
Research institutions mst register with
Supply annual reports
Inspection records through the FOIA
Unscheduled inspection once per year
What does the FOIA stand for? - Answer- Freedom of Information Act - provides the
USDA's inspection records
What is the Public Health Service Policy? - Answer- Institutions which receive funding
from PHS and NIH must follow these guidelines, requires filing of an Amimal Welfare
Assurance document that demonstrates the institution is following the Guid, PHS policy,
AWA, and any other applicable laws
The FDA has many responsibilites including: - Answer- Assures that new drugs and
medical devices are safe and effective before approved for use in humans
Monitors drug approval
Includes human, and veterinary drugs, food, and medical devices
Requires that effectiveness be demonstrated through well controlled investigations
What is GLP? - Answer- Good Laboratory Practices
Established in 1978 with implementation of laboratory audits and inspection programs
Details requirements for QA and SOPs
,What is the importance of importation and transportations regulations? - Answer- For
the protection of humans and environment from potential disease carrying organisms
Which agencies control importation? - Answer- CDC, USDA, and US Fish & Wildlife
Service
Institutional polices are established for: - Answer- facility operations
care and use procedures
veterinary support
physical plant
Standard operating procedures relate to: - Answer- wall aspects of animal care and
support
personnel management
health surveillance of animals and personnel
equipment
investigators
What are the functions of IACUCs and who mandates? - Answer- mandated by AWA,
PHS policy, and the Guide
Review and approve protocols for animal use
Review animal use program and perform animal facilities inspections at least every 6
months
What has to happen before animal research can begin? - Answer- principal
investigator provides written details of how animals will be used in the research project
IACUC must review all protocols using animals and must approve all protocols before
any animal research can begin
What does the IACUC determine? - Answer- Can deny permission ro start a project
can stop a research peoject
Ensures compliance with regulations
Reviews complete protocols at least every 3 years; reviews updates to protocols yearly
What is the AAALAC, International? - Answer- Association for Assessment and
Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care, International
Non-profit organization that provides a mechanism for peer review of animal care and
use programs by scientific community
Detailed application with information on facilities, procedures, programs, and research
animals to use
Annual report must be submitted to AAALAC on status of animal care program
Site inspection and program evaluation every 3 years
Why is it important to keep accurate, up-to-date records? - Answer- Determine if
procedures are followed according to established standards
Determine whether environmental controls are properly maintained
,Improve facility efficiency and effectivness
What is PHS Policy? - Answer- All assurance records related directly to grant
applications, research proposals, and changes of research activities > 3yrs after
completion
Centralized - Answer- Serves all the institution's animal care needs; 1 director for
entire institution; All personnel associated with the animal facility; All other purchases,
per diem, depreciation, inventories, operational costs, and supplies
Decentralized - Answer- Each department has own animal facility and operating
budget; each department has own animals, supplies, equipment and animal care
staffing
Direct costs - Answer- Salaries, fringe benefits, equipment, supplies, and operational
exprenses (depend on # animals being housed)
Indirect Costs - Answer- physical plant, energy costs, depreciation, heating rooms
Cost Centers - Answer- Cage washing, laboratory services
Why is cost accounting important? - Answer- Individulal costs used for projecting
future cost; comparisons reveal areas in which costs can be reduced; per diem
components (expense to maintain 1 animal for 1 day)
Calculating per diem charges - Answer- Internal direct costs are incurred for the
husbandry of animals and for other services provided by the animal facility for the
benefits of special projects
If total costs of maintaining a colony of cats is $27,375 over a 1 year period and the
average daily census is 25 cats, what is the per diem charge needed to recover these
costs? - Answer- Divide $27,375 by 365 and multiply the result by 25 = 3.00
What are somethings to keep in mind when considering injection techniques? - Answer-
Injections with needles and syringes used to administer various substances; syringe
construction and sizes; considerations for blood withdrawal; proper disposal, common
routes of injection
Intramuscular Injection (IM) - Answer- Generally given in hind legs (most desirable
site is large muscle mass); alternative site are the muscles posterior to femur; do not
inject too much material
Intraperitoneal Injection (IP) - Answer- Given in lower right quadrant of abdomen
(avoid bladder and cecum); Slight resistance may be encountered; Aspirate prior to
injection (Yellow= bladder; greenish = intestine or cecum; Blood = blood vessel)
, Intradermal Injection (ID) - Answer- Given into thick dermal skin layer; 25 guage
needle typically used; Needle directed at 20 - 30 degree andle into skin; only small
quantity of fluid can be injected (0.1-0.2 ml)
Subcutaneous Injection - Answer- Placed in the more vascular space between skin
and underlying muscle; large area subcutaneous tissue exposed by raising a tent of
skin; entering the injection site then 0 resistance; precautions - hand puncture, inject out
other side
Intravenous Injection (IV) - Answer- IV access sites in common lab animals; site
preparation (disinfect); Use pressure to disten the vessel; Insert needle at 30 degree
angle to skin; removing the needle - apply pressure
Blood collection techniques are used as... - Answer- aid to diagnose disease:
Collection site and amount determined by species and test type
Blood Collection Techniques - Dog - Answer- Cephalic, saphenous, femoral or
jugular vein
Blood Collection Techniques - G.Pig - Answer- Heart, saphenous or ear vein
Blood Collection Techniques - Monkey - Answer- Cephalic, saphenous, femoral or
jugular vein
Blood Collection Techniques - Mouse/Rat - Answer- Heart, saphenous or tail vein,
orbital sinus
Blood Collection Techniques - Rabbit - Answer- Heart, Ear vein, orbital sinus
Blood Collection Techniques - Hamster - Answer- heart, orbital sinus
Intraarterial - Blood collection - Answer- Auricular artery frequently used for blood
collection in rabbit (artery easily visible; large quantities of blood can be obtained);
Same technique as intravenous; Apply pressure to artery after needle withdrawal
Retro-Orbital - Blood Collection - Answer- Used for animals that do not have large
veins; limited to rodents with large venous sinus or plexus posterior to the erye; animals
typically under anesthesia; allow puncture vessel to clot and then pplace opthalmic
ointment into the eye
Saphenous - Blood Collection - Answer- To collect small samples from rodents, blood
collected into a capillary tube; anesthesia not required; multiple samples collected in
same day
WITH 200 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS(VERIFIED ANSWERS)|AGRADE
U.S. Government provides approximately how much in research/development funds
spent by college and university? - Answer- 2/3
What information is important on grant applications to request funds? - Answer-
Detailed description of research goals, scientific basis of study, and review of relevant
literature and all procedures to be performed
What is the difference between NIH & NSF? - Answer- NIH: primary granting agency:
academia, federal agencies, biomedical research
NSF: Basic research in math, medicine, and biology
The USDA stands for what? - Answer- United States Department of Agriculture
The USDA is responsible for what? - Answer- Enforces and amends AWA
Auction, sale, exhibit, transport, breeding, or conduct of research with animals
Animals exempt from AWA
Research institutions mst register with
Supply annual reports
Inspection records through the FOIA
Unscheduled inspection once per year
What does the FOIA stand for? - Answer- Freedom of Information Act - provides the
USDA's inspection records
What is the Public Health Service Policy? - Answer- Institutions which receive funding
from PHS and NIH must follow these guidelines, requires filing of an Amimal Welfare
Assurance document that demonstrates the institution is following the Guid, PHS policy,
AWA, and any other applicable laws
The FDA has many responsibilites including: - Answer- Assures that new drugs and
medical devices are safe and effective before approved for use in humans
Monitors drug approval
Includes human, and veterinary drugs, food, and medical devices
Requires that effectiveness be demonstrated through well controlled investigations
What is GLP? - Answer- Good Laboratory Practices
Established in 1978 with implementation of laboratory audits and inspection programs
Details requirements for QA and SOPs
,What is the importance of importation and transportations regulations? - Answer- For
the protection of humans and environment from potential disease carrying organisms
Which agencies control importation? - Answer- CDC, USDA, and US Fish & Wildlife
Service
Institutional polices are established for: - Answer- facility operations
care and use procedures
veterinary support
physical plant
Standard operating procedures relate to: - Answer- wall aspects of animal care and
support
personnel management
health surveillance of animals and personnel
equipment
investigators
What are the functions of IACUCs and who mandates? - Answer- mandated by AWA,
PHS policy, and the Guide
Review and approve protocols for animal use
Review animal use program and perform animal facilities inspections at least every 6
months
What has to happen before animal research can begin? - Answer- principal
investigator provides written details of how animals will be used in the research project
IACUC must review all protocols using animals and must approve all protocols before
any animal research can begin
What does the IACUC determine? - Answer- Can deny permission ro start a project
can stop a research peoject
Ensures compliance with regulations
Reviews complete protocols at least every 3 years; reviews updates to protocols yearly
What is the AAALAC, International? - Answer- Association for Assessment and
Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care, International
Non-profit organization that provides a mechanism for peer review of animal care and
use programs by scientific community
Detailed application with information on facilities, procedures, programs, and research
animals to use
Annual report must be submitted to AAALAC on status of animal care program
Site inspection and program evaluation every 3 years
Why is it important to keep accurate, up-to-date records? - Answer- Determine if
procedures are followed according to established standards
Determine whether environmental controls are properly maintained
,Improve facility efficiency and effectivness
What is PHS Policy? - Answer- All assurance records related directly to grant
applications, research proposals, and changes of research activities > 3yrs after
completion
Centralized - Answer- Serves all the institution's animal care needs; 1 director for
entire institution; All personnel associated with the animal facility; All other purchases,
per diem, depreciation, inventories, operational costs, and supplies
Decentralized - Answer- Each department has own animal facility and operating
budget; each department has own animals, supplies, equipment and animal care
staffing
Direct costs - Answer- Salaries, fringe benefits, equipment, supplies, and operational
exprenses (depend on # animals being housed)
Indirect Costs - Answer- physical plant, energy costs, depreciation, heating rooms
Cost Centers - Answer- Cage washing, laboratory services
Why is cost accounting important? - Answer- Individulal costs used for projecting
future cost; comparisons reveal areas in which costs can be reduced; per diem
components (expense to maintain 1 animal for 1 day)
Calculating per diem charges - Answer- Internal direct costs are incurred for the
husbandry of animals and for other services provided by the animal facility for the
benefits of special projects
If total costs of maintaining a colony of cats is $27,375 over a 1 year period and the
average daily census is 25 cats, what is the per diem charge needed to recover these
costs? - Answer- Divide $27,375 by 365 and multiply the result by 25 = 3.00
What are somethings to keep in mind when considering injection techniques? - Answer-
Injections with needles and syringes used to administer various substances; syringe
construction and sizes; considerations for blood withdrawal; proper disposal, common
routes of injection
Intramuscular Injection (IM) - Answer- Generally given in hind legs (most desirable
site is large muscle mass); alternative site are the muscles posterior to femur; do not
inject too much material
Intraperitoneal Injection (IP) - Answer- Given in lower right quadrant of abdomen
(avoid bladder and cecum); Slight resistance may be encountered; Aspirate prior to
injection (Yellow= bladder; greenish = intestine or cecum; Blood = blood vessel)
, Intradermal Injection (ID) - Answer- Given into thick dermal skin layer; 25 guage
needle typically used; Needle directed at 20 - 30 degree andle into skin; only small
quantity of fluid can be injected (0.1-0.2 ml)
Subcutaneous Injection - Answer- Placed in the more vascular space between skin
and underlying muscle; large area subcutaneous tissue exposed by raising a tent of
skin; entering the injection site then 0 resistance; precautions - hand puncture, inject out
other side
Intravenous Injection (IV) - Answer- IV access sites in common lab animals; site
preparation (disinfect); Use pressure to disten the vessel; Insert needle at 30 degree
angle to skin; removing the needle - apply pressure
Blood collection techniques are used as... - Answer- aid to diagnose disease:
Collection site and amount determined by species and test type
Blood Collection Techniques - Dog - Answer- Cephalic, saphenous, femoral or
jugular vein
Blood Collection Techniques - G.Pig - Answer- Heart, saphenous or ear vein
Blood Collection Techniques - Monkey - Answer- Cephalic, saphenous, femoral or
jugular vein
Blood Collection Techniques - Mouse/Rat - Answer- Heart, saphenous or tail vein,
orbital sinus
Blood Collection Techniques - Rabbit - Answer- Heart, Ear vein, orbital sinus
Blood Collection Techniques - Hamster - Answer- heart, orbital sinus
Intraarterial - Blood collection - Answer- Auricular artery frequently used for blood
collection in rabbit (artery easily visible; large quantities of blood can be obtained);
Same technique as intravenous; Apply pressure to artery after needle withdrawal
Retro-Orbital - Blood Collection - Answer- Used for animals that do not have large
veins; limited to rodents with large venous sinus or plexus posterior to the erye; animals
typically under anesthesia; allow puncture vessel to clot and then pplace opthalmic
ointment into the eye
Saphenous - Blood Collection - Answer- To collect small samples from rodents, blood
collected into a capillary tube; anesthesia not required; multiple samples collected in
same day
