WORLD GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER 21-22 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS

WORLD GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER 21-22 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS drip irrigation-Answer-the practice of using small pipes that slowly drip water just above ground to conserve water to use for crops crude oil-Answer-petroleum that has not been processed desalinization-Answer-the removal of salt from ocean water refinery-Answer-a place where crude oil is converted into useful products fossil water-Answer-water pumped from underground aquifers Mecca-Answer-the holiest city of Islam, located in Saudi Arabia, where people make pilgrimages to fulfill Islamic religious duties Islam-Answer-a monotheistic religion based on the teachings of the prophet Muhammad, and the biggest cultural and religious influence in North Africa Muhammad-Answer-the founder and prophet of Islam, who lived part of his life in the city of Mecca mosque-Answer-an Islamic place of worship, where Muslims pray facing towards the holy city of Mecca theocratic-Answer-a form of government in which religious leaders control the government, relying on religious law and consultation with religious scholars OPEC-Answer-a group established in 1960 by some oil-producing nations to coordinate policies on selling petroleum products Western Wall-Answer-for Jews, the holiest site in Jerusalem; the only remaining portion of the Second Temple, built in 538BC and destroyed in 70AD by the Romans Dome of the Rock-Answer-a shrine in Jerusalem, located on the Temple Mount, which houses the spot where Muhammad rose into heaven and where Jews believe Abraham prepared to sacrifice his son Isaac to God Zionism-Answer-a movement that began in the 19th century to reestablish a Jewish state in the Jewish homeland (PLO) Palestinian Liberation Organization-Answer-a group formed in the 1960's to regain the Arab land in Israel for Palestinian Arabs Kurds-Answer-ethnic group in Southwestern Asia that has occupied Kurdistan, located in Turkey, Iraq, and Iran, for about a thousand years, and who have been involved in clashes with these three countries over land claims for most of the 20th century Shi'ite-Answer-one of the two main branches of Islam including most Iranians and some populations of Iraq and Afghanistan Mesopotamia-Answer-a region in Southwest Asia between the Tigris and the Euphrates rivers, which was the location of some of the earliest civilizations in the world; part of the cultural hearth known as the Fertile Crescent Sunni-Answer-one of the two main branches of Islam, comprising about 83 percent of all Muslims, including those in Turkey, Iraq, and Afghanistan Taliban-Answer-a strict Muslim group in Afghanistan that has imposed rigid rules on society, including prescribing clothing styles for both men and women, restrictions on the appearance of women in public places, and regulations on television, music, and videos water and oil-Answer-the most valuable resources in the region sandy and salt flat-Answer-types of deserts found in the region river valleys and on the coast-Answer-where most of the well-watered areas are found irrigation and desalinization-Answer-examples of the way water is provided in the region Saudi Arabia and the Persian Gulf-Answer-most of the oil fields are located in these areas pipeline leaks, tanker collisions-Answer-dangers of transporting oil religious duties required of all followers-Answer-the reason Islam united the people of the Arabian Peninsula much of regions GDP is from oil-Answer-reason oil is so important to the economies of the Arabian Peninsula Golden Heights-Answer-a hilly plateau overlooking the Jordan River and Sea of Galilee; a strategic location that has been the site of conflict in Southwest Asia for decades wadi-Answer-a riverbed that remains dry except during the rainy season Tigris River-Answer-One of the most important rivers if Southwest Asia; it supported several ancient river valley civilizations, and flows through parts of Turkey, Syria, and Iraq Euphrates River-Answer-a river of Southwest Asia, which supported several ancient civilizations and flows through parts of Turkey, Syria, and Iraq and empties into the Persian Gulf Jordan River-Answer-a river that serves as a natural boundary between Israel and Jordan, flowing from the mountains of Lebanon with no outlet to the Mediterranean Sea Dead Sea-Answer-a landlocked salt lake between Israel and Jordan that is so salty that almost nothing can live in its waters; it is 1,349 feet below sea level, making it the lowest place on the exposed crust of the earth Rub al-Khali-Answer-also known as the Empty Quarter; one of the largest sandy deserts in the world, covering about 250,000 square miles; located on the Arabian Peninsula