SFL 334 Final Exam || Actual Answers
Ageism - ANSWERSDiscrimination against adults based on their age.
-older adults less likely to receive preventative care; some internalize these beliefs; 7.5
years longer on average if they have positive attitude towards aging.
Normative Aging - ANSWERSBiological, sociocultural, and environmental influences
that are similar for individuals in a particular age group.
-Examples: Marriage, Retirement, Menopause, Puberty
History Graded Aging (normative) - ANSWERSInfluences that are common to people of
a particular generation because of historical circumstances.
-Examples: Great Depression, WWII, Civil Rights Movement, 9/11, technology
Non-normative Aging - ANSWERSUnusual occurrences that have a major impact on an
individual's life; events do not happen to all people
-Examples? Death of a parent when child is young, Pregnancy in adolescence, Home
burned down, Winning the lottery, Unexpected career opportunity
Rate of Living Theories - ANSWERSOrganisms have only so much energy to expend in
a lifetime
Hayflick (Cellular Theory) - ANSWERStelomeres
Cross-linking (Cellular Theory) - ANSWERSrandom interaction of proteiins
Free Radicals (Cellular Theory) - ANSWERSRandomly produces reactive chemicals
Cellular Theories of Aging - ANSWERSAging caused at the cellular level (the number of
times cells can divide)
Programmed Cell Death Theories - ANSWERSAging programmed genetically
Innate ability of cells to self-destruct
Goal of Aging Research - ANSWERSUnderstand the process of aging and adult
development and aging research is built on combination of three building blocks (age
effects, cohort effects, time of measurement/period effects)
Age Effects - ANSWERSAge Effects: Changes due to biological, psychological or
sociocultural forces. (Chronological age)
Cohort Effects - ANSWERSAge differences due to experiences and characteristics
unique to a particular cohort or generation of people. (Baby boomers, children in the
great depression, veterans of WWII)
, Time of Measurement (period) Effects - ANSWERSAge differences due to sociocultural
environment, historical events at the time that the data were collected.
Goal Development Aging Research - ANSWERSGoal Development Aging Research:
understand the aging process. Separate aging, cohort and time of measurement effects.
Otherwise they are confounding.
Cross Sectional Design - ANSWERSDifferent ages at the same time
Longitudinal Design - ANSWERSSame individuals studied at different points in their
lives
Sequential Design - ANSWERSMultiple cohorts in a longitudinal design.
Chronological Time - ANSWERS# of years person has lived
Sociocultural Time - ANSWERSWay the society determines the appropriate age for
events; age-related behavior
Historical Time - ANSWERSSocial, political, economic, events through which people
live.
Biological Forces - ANSWERSgenetics and health related factors
Psychological Forces - ANSWERScognitions, emotions, perceptions, and personality
factors
Sociocultural Forces - ANSWERSsocial network of people (family and friends) with
whom we interact
Life Cycle Forces - ANSWERSfirst three forces (biological, psychological, and
sociocultural) filter through the life-cycle component to determine development. (Other
three factors affect people differently depending on stage in life course)
Elder Packer Quote - ANSWERS"Like many of us, he concentrated so much on what
people do that he overlooked what they are, a priceless resource of experience,
wisdom, and inspiration"
Biological Age - ANSWERSWhere people are relative to the maximum number of years
of life - vital organs and systems
Psychological Age - ANSWERSFunctional level of memory, emotions, intelligence, etc.
Sociocultural Age - ANSWERSSpecific social roles that people play in society.
Ageism - ANSWERSDiscrimination against adults based on their age.
-older adults less likely to receive preventative care; some internalize these beliefs; 7.5
years longer on average if they have positive attitude towards aging.
Normative Aging - ANSWERSBiological, sociocultural, and environmental influences
that are similar for individuals in a particular age group.
-Examples: Marriage, Retirement, Menopause, Puberty
History Graded Aging (normative) - ANSWERSInfluences that are common to people of
a particular generation because of historical circumstances.
-Examples: Great Depression, WWII, Civil Rights Movement, 9/11, technology
Non-normative Aging - ANSWERSUnusual occurrences that have a major impact on an
individual's life; events do not happen to all people
-Examples? Death of a parent when child is young, Pregnancy in adolescence, Home
burned down, Winning the lottery, Unexpected career opportunity
Rate of Living Theories - ANSWERSOrganisms have only so much energy to expend in
a lifetime
Hayflick (Cellular Theory) - ANSWERStelomeres
Cross-linking (Cellular Theory) - ANSWERSrandom interaction of proteiins
Free Radicals (Cellular Theory) - ANSWERSRandomly produces reactive chemicals
Cellular Theories of Aging - ANSWERSAging caused at the cellular level (the number of
times cells can divide)
Programmed Cell Death Theories - ANSWERSAging programmed genetically
Innate ability of cells to self-destruct
Goal of Aging Research - ANSWERSUnderstand the process of aging and adult
development and aging research is built on combination of three building blocks (age
effects, cohort effects, time of measurement/period effects)
Age Effects - ANSWERSAge Effects: Changes due to biological, psychological or
sociocultural forces. (Chronological age)
Cohort Effects - ANSWERSAge differences due to experiences and characteristics
unique to a particular cohort or generation of people. (Baby boomers, children in the
great depression, veterans of WWII)
, Time of Measurement (period) Effects - ANSWERSAge differences due to sociocultural
environment, historical events at the time that the data were collected.
Goal Development Aging Research - ANSWERSGoal Development Aging Research:
understand the aging process. Separate aging, cohort and time of measurement effects.
Otherwise they are confounding.
Cross Sectional Design - ANSWERSDifferent ages at the same time
Longitudinal Design - ANSWERSSame individuals studied at different points in their
lives
Sequential Design - ANSWERSMultiple cohorts in a longitudinal design.
Chronological Time - ANSWERS# of years person has lived
Sociocultural Time - ANSWERSWay the society determines the appropriate age for
events; age-related behavior
Historical Time - ANSWERSSocial, political, economic, events through which people
live.
Biological Forces - ANSWERSgenetics and health related factors
Psychological Forces - ANSWERScognitions, emotions, perceptions, and personality
factors
Sociocultural Forces - ANSWERSsocial network of people (family and friends) with
whom we interact
Life Cycle Forces - ANSWERSfirst three forces (biological, psychological, and
sociocultural) filter through the life-cycle component to determine development. (Other
three factors affect people differently depending on stage in life course)
Elder Packer Quote - ANSWERS"Like many of us, he concentrated so much on what
people do that he overlooked what they are, a priceless resource of experience,
wisdom, and inspiration"
Biological Age - ANSWERSWhere people are relative to the maximum number of years
of life - vital organs and systems
Psychological Age - ANSWERSFunctional level of memory, emotions, intelligence, etc.
Sociocultural Age - ANSWERSSpecific social roles that people play in society.
