Methods of Neuroscience
Model species
insects
monkey
mice/rats (rodents)
snails
Can use more invasive techniques with animals models
sometimes have better structures for research
share lots of genes with
why animal
can control enviornment of animals
growing up, all conditions, genetics
Dangerous to not know side effects
can be responsible for many life saving procedures
Ethics in animal research
3 R’s
Replace: look for alternatives when possible
Reduce: use smallest numbers possible for research purposes
Refine: optimize procedures to minimize comfort
STrictly monitored by I.A.C.U.C
What happens without animal testing
Thalidomide:
anti morning sickness drug, hit market 1957
Methods of Neuroscience 1
, didnt believe that drugs cross placenta line
10,000 pregnancies affected
40% babies died at birth
Frances kelsey: head of FDA, did not approve drug for use in the US
Human participation guidelines
IRB: Institutional review board
Protections:
Confidential participation
voluntary participation
Risky populations (kids, prisoners, low SES, etc..)
Compensation cannot be too high
Informed consent
Minimizing risk
Resolution
spatial resolution: distance between 2 points
high= better picture
temporal Resolution: How long it takes to get information
Trade off between the two typically
Microscopy/ histology
Microscopy = using microscopes to study tiny things
Histology = the study of the microscopic structure of tissues
Many techniques of staining (parts of) cells
can be experimental: compare disease or brain damage areas, changes in
development, WITH STAIN
Methods of Neuroscience 2
Model species
insects
monkey
mice/rats (rodents)
snails
Can use more invasive techniques with animals models
sometimes have better structures for research
share lots of genes with
why animal
can control enviornment of animals
growing up, all conditions, genetics
Dangerous to not know side effects
can be responsible for many life saving procedures
Ethics in animal research
3 R’s
Replace: look for alternatives when possible
Reduce: use smallest numbers possible for research purposes
Refine: optimize procedures to minimize comfort
STrictly monitored by I.A.C.U.C
What happens without animal testing
Thalidomide:
anti morning sickness drug, hit market 1957
Methods of Neuroscience 1
, didnt believe that drugs cross placenta line
10,000 pregnancies affected
40% babies died at birth
Frances kelsey: head of FDA, did not approve drug for use in the US
Human participation guidelines
IRB: Institutional review board
Protections:
Confidential participation
voluntary participation
Risky populations (kids, prisoners, low SES, etc..)
Compensation cannot be too high
Informed consent
Minimizing risk
Resolution
spatial resolution: distance between 2 points
high= better picture
temporal Resolution: How long it takes to get information
Trade off between the two typically
Microscopy/ histology
Microscopy = using microscopes to study tiny things
Histology = the study of the microscopic structure of tissues
Many techniques of staining (parts of) cells
can be experimental: compare disease or brain damage areas, changes in
development, WITH STAIN
Methods of Neuroscience 2
