Medsurg Respiratory Final Questions With 100% Correct Answers

MEDSURG RESPIRATORY FINAL QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS Rhinitis (Coryza) -Answer-Inflammation of the nasal mucous membrane. A cold when viral Rhinitis -Answer-Patho: Release of histamine causes vasodilation and edema, which result in symptoms. May occur as a reaction to allergen (hay fever), or it may be caused by bacterial or viral (common cold) infection. Rhinitis -Answer-Pathophysiology: May occur as a reaction to allergen (hay fever), or it may be caused by bacterial or viral (common cold) infection. Rhinitis -Answer-Nasal congestion, localized itching, sneezing, and nasal discharge. Viral and bacterial may be accompanied by fever and generalized malaise. S&S Rhinitis -Answer-Viral rhinitis treatment is symptomatic Rest and fluids are most effective treatment. Treatment: Rhinitis -Answer-Antihistamines to help control symptoms by inhibiting the histamine response. Treatment: Rhinitis -Answer-Decongestants cause vasoconstriction, which reduce swelling and congestion. (Any medication that causes vasoconstriction should be used cautiously in clients with heart disease or HTN). Rhinitis -Answer-Nursing Interventions: Rest, Plenty of fluids, good hand hygeine Pharyngitis -Answer-Inflammation of the pharynx. Pharyngitis -Answer-Bacterial or viral infection may also occur as a result of trauma to the tissues. Most common bacterial infection is caused by B-hemolytic streptococci (Strep throat) Etiology: Pharyngitis -Answer-If strep throat not treated with antibiotic, it can lead to rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis, or other complications Complications: Pharyngitis -Answer-Sore throat, dysphagia, redness swelling, and exudate (usually signifies bacterial infection), Bacterial infection - fever, chills, headache, and generalized malaise. Pharyngitis -Answer-Antibiotics for bacterial infection Tylenol and throat lonzenges for pain Saltwater gargles to reduce swelling Rest and fluids. Treatment: Laryngitis -Answer-Inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the larynx (voice box). Laryngitis -Answer-Can be caused by irritation from smoking, ETOH, or chemical exposure, or a viral/fungal/bacterial infection. Often follows upper respiratory infection. Laryngitis -Answer-Most common is hoarseness of the voice, cough, dysphagia, or fever may also be present. S&S Laryngitis -Answer-Laryngoscopy - to rule out cancer for hoarseness that persists for more than 2 weeks. Key sign or symptom that it may be cancer. Labs: Laryngitis -Answer-Rest, fluids, humidified air, and ASA or Tylenol, Antibiotics for bacterial infection, throat lozenges for comfort, Encourage to avoid speaking to rest the voice. Treatment: Tonsillitis (Adenoiditis) -Answer-Inflammation of the tonsils and adenoids. Tonsillitis (Adenoiditis) -Answer-Most common organisms include streptococcus, staphylococcus aureus, haemophilus influenza, and pneumococcus. Etiology: Tonsillitis (Adenoiditis) -Answer-Soar throat, fever, chills, and pain on swallowing. S&S. Tonsillitis (Adenoiditis) -Answer-Generalized symptoms include headache, malaise, and myalgia (muscle pain or tenderness). S&S Tonsillitis (Adenoiditis) -Answer-Tonsils appear red and swollen and may have yellow or white exudate on them. S&S Tonsillitis/Adenoiditis -Answer-If adenoids are involved, the client may have complains of snoring, nasal obstruction, and nasal tone to voice. S&S Tonsillitis/Adenoiditis -Answer-Throat culture WBC helps to determine if the infection is viral or bacterial. Diagnostic Tests: Influenza (flu) -Answer-Viral infection that affects the respiratory tract. Influenza (flu) -Answer-Many virus have been identified, and new strains appear each year making immunization difficult. Etiology: Influenza (flu) -Answer-Easily transmitted via droplets from coughs and sneezed of infected persons, or may be transmitted by physical contact with person or object. Etiology: Influenza (flu) -Answer-Yearly immunization, good hand-washing, avoid persons with the flu. Prevention: Influenza (flu) -Answer-Abrupt onset of fever, chills, myalgia, sore throat, cough, general malaise, and headache. Lasts for 2-5 days with malaise lasting up to several weeks. Influenza (flu) -Answer-Most common is pneumonia, which may be caused by the same virus as the flu, or by a secondary bacterial infection. S&S: persistent, fever, SOB, or if the lungs develop crackles or wheezes. Complications: Influenza (flu) -Answer-Sputum or throat cultures Labs: Influenza (flu) -Answer-Symptomatic, Tylenol for fever, headache, and myalgia, ASA is avoided in children because it increases the risk for Reye's Syndrome (brain swelling). Rest and fluids. Influenza (flu) -Answer-Antiobiotics used only if secondary bacterial infection present. Antiviral drugs such as amantadine may helpful for high risk clients if given within 48 hours of exposure. Cancer of the Larynx -Answer-Usually a primary cancer and may spread to the lungs, liver, or lymph nodes. Hoarseness that persists beyond 2 weeks. Cancer of the Larynx -Answer-ETOH and tobacco use Exposure to industrial chemical, hardwood dust, and chronic overuse of the voice. Risk Factors: Cancer of the Larynx -Answer-Most common symptoms is hoarseness of the voice. Other symptoms include pain, SOB, chronic cough, and difficulty swallowing. S&S Cancer of the Larynx -Answer-Stridor may indicate a tumor obstructing the airway. Late symptoms include weight loss and halitosis. Cancer of the Larynx -Answer-Laryngoscopic exam with biopsy. Cancer of the Larynx -Answer-Diagnosed early - Radiation therapy (preserves the clients voice) Treatment: Cancer of the Larynx -Answer-More advanced cases require surgical intervention. The larynx will be either partially or completely removed. Treatment: