Phil101 EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS (100% CORRECT)
Why does Manning wonder whether taking a moral philosophy course is the best way to
become sensitive and moral individuals? -Answer-Manning wonders because she
questions if the students would learn to care through a classroom or through doing an
activity. In the end, she feels it would be better to have the students work, say in a soup
kitchen or homeless shelter, to show them how to truly care
Does Manning think that we are obligated to help starving people in Africa? -Answer-
Yes because as a caring person, one would see the similarities between children in
Africa and children we know and love and we should help them. Our Ideal selves would
not ignore this.
For Manning what are the different objects of care? Besides persons, what else can be
an object of care? -Answer-the different objects of care the starving people in Africa
because the people share the same characteristics with the people that we know.
Animals because they share characteristics with both humans and other animals
What similarities does Feminist Ethics of Care share with Aristotle's Virtue Ethics? How
are both moral theories virtue-based ethics? Which theories are action-based ethics? -
Answer-Both Ethics have their own virtues that define who they are
- Feminist Ethics of Care: compassion, mercy, forgiveness, etc.
- Aristotle's Virtue Ethics: courage, justice, pride, modesty, etc.
-Both have qualities that can be acquired by reputation or practice and they both focus
on building character.
-Mill's utilitarianism; Kant's duty ethics
What do these terms mean in Nietzsche's theory:
a) Existentialism -Answer-Philosophical view emphasizing individual existence, freedom
and choice.
What do these terms mean in Nietzsche's theory:
b) Nihilism -Answer-the rejection of all religious and moral principles, often in the belief
that life is meaningless. No God means: No human purpose/meaning to life; No
objective morality; Must we become gods? Humans - creators of values
What do these terms mean in Nietzsche's theory:
c) Will to Power -Answer-Basic drive to expand one's power, to perfect self, to grow, to
master & dominate; passion for life
What do these terms mean in Nietzsche's theory:
, d) Strong vs. Weak People -Answer-Strong: smart, physically stronger, witty, motivated,
independent, skilled, brave.
Weak: slower, clumsier, not as physically strong, dull, not as intelligent, lazy,
incompetent, unmotivated.
What do these terms mean in Nietzsche's theory:
e) Master vs. Slave Morality -Answer-Master: the values chosen by the strong people:
Pride, Ambition, Drive/Passion, Independence, Creativity; value their own qualities.
Slave: value patience, kindness, forgiveness, charity, faith.
What do these terms mean in Nietzsche's theory:
f) The Overman -Answer-Struggle and hardship to be the overman, like climbing a
mountain accomplished with laughter and free spirit. Like Greek warrior: the ideal
pagan. Qualities of the strong.
How do Christian morality and Democratic policies demonstrate the weak people's will
to power for Nietzsche? -Answer-Democratic policies: tries to raise the weaker people in
society by forcing the stronger people to help others. An example is taxation of the rich.
Christian morality: for the weak because they need a higher power to tell them what to
do and differentiate between right and wrong. Denies desire, rejects passions.
How does Nietzsche think that civilization and religions prevent the development of the
higher type of man? -Answer-Both stop the development of the higher type of man
because they do not support the growth of the stronger man, they only put it down.
What does Nietzsche think about Kantian respect for persons? -Answer-Denies the idea
of Kantian respect for persons, "We the masters can treat people as we see fit"
What does Nietzsche think of the crude hedonist's goal of seeking pleasure and
comfort? -Answer-Ultimate goal is not hedonism, but mastery, personal growth, and self
overcoming; strive to be the overman
How is Nietzsche's use of the terms good versus bad different from a Christian's use of
the terms good versus evil? -Answer-
what is the inversion of values? -Answer-The process by which slave morality came to
dominate rather than master morality.
What did the words "good" and "bad" mean originally mean? -Answer-"good" - used by
the noble classes to designate themselves and their actions. "Bad" was used to denote
the opposite, namely, the lower classes. "evil"-Those suffering under the noble class
came up with the concept to refer to their rulers. "good"- opposite^
What virtues, if any, does Nietzsche's master morality share with Aristotelian ethics? -
Answer-both value courage, ambition, and pride
AND ANSWERS (100% CORRECT)
Why does Manning wonder whether taking a moral philosophy course is the best way to
become sensitive and moral individuals? -Answer-Manning wonders because she
questions if the students would learn to care through a classroom or through doing an
activity. In the end, she feels it would be better to have the students work, say in a soup
kitchen or homeless shelter, to show them how to truly care
Does Manning think that we are obligated to help starving people in Africa? -Answer-
Yes because as a caring person, one would see the similarities between children in
Africa and children we know and love and we should help them. Our Ideal selves would
not ignore this.
For Manning what are the different objects of care? Besides persons, what else can be
an object of care? -Answer-the different objects of care the starving people in Africa
because the people share the same characteristics with the people that we know.
Animals because they share characteristics with both humans and other animals
What similarities does Feminist Ethics of Care share with Aristotle's Virtue Ethics? How
are both moral theories virtue-based ethics? Which theories are action-based ethics? -
Answer-Both Ethics have their own virtues that define who they are
- Feminist Ethics of Care: compassion, mercy, forgiveness, etc.
- Aristotle's Virtue Ethics: courage, justice, pride, modesty, etc.
-Both have qualities that can be acquired by reputation or practice and they both focus
on building character.
-Mill's utilitarianism; Kant's duty ethics
What do these terms mean in Nietzsche's theory:
a) Existentialism -Answer-Philosophical view emphasizing individual existence, freedom
and choice.
What do these terms mean in Nietzsche's theory:
b) Nihilism -Answer-the rejection of all religious and moral principles, often in the belief
that life is meaningless. No God means: No human purpose/meaning to life; No
objective morality; Must we become gods? Humans - creators of values
What do these terms mean in Nietzsche's theory:
c) Will to Power -Answer-Basic drive to expand one's power, to perfect self, to grow, to
master & dominate; passion for life
What do these terms mean in Nietzsche's theory:
, d) Strong vs. Weak People -Answer-Strong: smart, physically stronger, witty, motivated,
independent, skilled, brave.
Weak: slower, clumsier, not as physically strong, dull, not as intelligent, lazy,
incompetent, unmotivated.
What do these terms mean in Nietzsche's theory:
e) Master vs. Slave Morality -Answer-Master: the values chosen by the strong people:
Pride, Ambition, Drive/Passion, Independence, Creativity; value their own qualities.
Slave: value patience, kindness, forgiveness, charity, faith.
What do these terms mean in Nietzsche's theory:
f) The Overman -Answer-Struggle and hardship to be the overman, like climbing a
mountain accomplished with laughter and free spirit. Like Greek warrior: the ideal
pagan. Qualities of the strong.
How do Christian morality and Democratic policies demonstrate the weak people's will
to power for Nietzsche? -Answer-Democratic policies: tries to raise the weaker people in
society by forcing the stronger people to help others. An example is taxation of the rich.
Christian morality: for the weak because they need a higher power to tell them what to
do and differentiate between right and wrong. Denies desire, rejects passions.
How does Nietzsche think that civilization and religions prevent the development of the
higher type of man? -Answer-Both stop the development of the higher type of man
because they do not support the growth of the stronger man, they only put it down.
What does Nietzsche think about Kantian respect for persons? -Answer-Denies the idea
of Kantian respect for persons, "We the masters can treat people as we see fit"
What does Nietzsche think of the crude hedonist's goal of seeking pleasure and
comfort? -Answer-Ultimate goal is not hedonism, but mastery, personal growth, and self
overcoming; strive to be the overman
How is Nietzsche's use of the terms good versus bad different from a Christian's use of
the terms good versus evil? -Answer-
what is the inversion of values? -Answer-The process by which slave morality came to
dominate rather than master morality.
What did the words "good" and "bad" mean originally mean? -Answer-"good" - used by
the noble classes to designate themselves and their actions. "Bad" was used to denote
the opposite, namely, the lower classes. "evil"-Those suffering under the noble class
came up with the concept to refer to their rulers. "good"- opposite^
What virtues, if any, does Nietzsche's master morality share with Aristotelian ethics? -
Answer-both value courage, ambition, and pride
