SPIPC (SPeD) Exam Test | Verified Answers for Guaranteed Success | 100% Accuracy

SPIPC (SPeD) Exam Test | Verified Answers for Guaranteed Success | 100% Accuracy Do our cells use the food we eat as a direct energy source? Explain - ANS No once you consume food, which are our energy sources, it has to go through the cellular respiration process and be converted to ATP. It has to be broken-down and stored through the three steps: glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. What are the reactants of photosynthesis? - ANS carbon dioxide and water The oxygen released into the air as a product of photosynthesis comes from what? - ANS water A redox reaction involves the transfer of - ANS an electron The light reactions occur in the ________, while the Calvin cycle occurs in the ________ - ANS thylakoid membrane; stroma What is the source of energy that provides the boost for electrons during photosynthesis? 2/2 - ANS light Which of the following are produced during the light reactions of photosynthesis? - ANS ATP, NADPH, O2 Which of the following are produced during the Calvin cycle? - ANS glucose, ADP, NADP+ Which of the following molecules are products of photosynthesis? - ANS glucose and O2 The energy that excites the photosystems is supplied by - ANS photons The ultimate source of all the food we eat and the oxygen we breathe is - ANS photosynthesis. What do ATP and NADPH do? - ANS power sugar synthesis during the Calvin cycle. Plants use sugars as what? - ANS a fuel for cellular respiration and a starting material for making other organic molecules. Which of the following molecules is a reactant of photosynthesis? - ANS H2O The oxygen released into the air as a product of photosynthesis comes from - ANS water. A redox reaction involves the transfer of - ANS an electron Which of the following statements concerning the role of redox reactions in photosynthesis and cellular respiration is true? - ANS In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is reduced to form sugar, whereas in respiration, sugar is oxidized to form carbon dioxide. What is the source of energy that provides the boost for electrons during photosynthesis inside the photosystems? - ANS light what are produced during the light reactions of photosynthesis? - ANS ATP, NADPH, O2 Which of the following are produced during the Calvin cycle? - ANS glucose, ADP, NADP+ Which molecules are products of photosynthesis? - ANS glucose and O2 true or false: ATP is not produced at all during photosynthesis; it is produced only during cellular respiration. - ANS false true or false: Photosynthesis is ultimately powered by light energy and respiration by the chemical energy of fuel molecules. - ANS true true or false: Photosynthesis consumes CO2; cellular respiration consumes O2. - ANS true true or false: Photosynthesis produces O2; respiration produces CO2. - ANS true The energy that excites the photosystems is supplied by - ANS photons occurs when carbon atoms from CO2 are incorporated into an organic molecule. - ANS Carbon fixation The creation of genetically identical offspring by a single parent, without the participation of sperm and egg, is called - ANS asexual reproduction. With the exception of identical twins, siblings who have the same two biological parents are likely to look similar, but not identical, to each other because they have 2/2 - ANS a similar but not identical combination of genes. true or false: Most prokaryotes reproduce by binary fission. - ANS true true or false: Prokaryotic chromosomes are more complex than those of eukaryotes. - ANS false true or false: Prokaryotic cells are generally smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells. - ANS true true false: In prokaryotes, daughter chromosomes are separated by an active movement away from each other and the growth of a new plasma membrane between them. - ANS true Eukaryotic chromosomes differ from prokaryotic chromosomes in that they - ANS are housed in a membrane-enclosed nucleus. Eukaryotic cells spend most of their cell cycle in which phase? - ANS interphase Which of the following occurs during interphase? - ANS cell growth and duplication of the chromosomes The process by which the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell divides to produce two cells is called - ANS cytokinesis. The phase of mitosis during which the mitotic spindle begins to form is - ANS prophase During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up on a plane equidistant from the two spindle poles? 2/2 - ANS metaphase Which of the following is a feature of plant cell division that distinguishes it from animal cell division? - ANS formation of a cell plate true or false: Mitosis allows organisms to grow - ANS true true or false: Mitosis promotes genetic diversity - ANS false true or false: Mitosis is necessary for asexual reproduction in eukaryotes - ANS true true or false: Mitosis promotes repair tissues - ANS true Two chromosomes in a nucleus that carry genes controlling the same inherited characteristics are - ANS homologous chromosomes true or false: In animals, meiosis only occurs in the ovaries and testes. - ANS true true or false: All sexual life cycles involve an alternation of diploid and haploid stages. - ANS true true or false: Mitosis produces daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. - ANS false true or false: A normal human zygote has 46 chromosomes - ANS true true or false: Gametes are haploid cells - ANS true true or false: Two haploid cells fuse during fertilization - ANS true true or false: An X chromosome is an autosome - ANS false true or false: A zygote is a fertilized egg - ANS true true or false: In meiosis four daughter cells are produced, whereas in mitosis two daughter cells are produced - ANS true true or false: In mitosis cytokinesis occurs once, whereas in meiosis cytokinesis occurs twice - ANS true True or false: Crossing over is a phenomenon that creates genetic diversity during mitosis - ANS false true or false: Mitosis provides for growth and tissue repair. - ANS true true or false: Meiosis provides for asexual reproduction - ANS false true or false: In mitosis, the chromosomes replicate only once in the preceding interphase - ANS true true or false: All the events unique to meiosis occur during meiosis I - ANS true Both mitosis and meiosis are preceded by - ANS Interphase true or false: Sister chromatids separate during anaphase of mitosis and anaphase II of meiosis. - ANS true true or false: Mitosis takes place in your gametes, whereas meiosis takes place in your somatic cells. - ANS false true or false: In metaphase of mitosis and metaphase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes separate - ANS false true or false: Independent orientation occurs during metaphase of mitosis and metaphase II of meiosis - ANS false List the phases of Mitosis in order: telophase, metaphase, anaphase, interphase, prophase - ANS interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase Describe the process of binary fission. What type of organism undergoes binary fission? - ANS prokaryotic organisms double their DNA material inside the cell. Elongate the cell and then divide into two daughter cells. true or false: The genetic makeup of an organism constitutes its genotype. - ANS true true or false: An organism with two different alleles for a single trait is said to be homozygous for that trait. - ANS false true or false: Alleles are alternate forms of a gene. - ANS true true or false: The expressed physical traits of an organism are called its phenotype. - ANS true The expressed physical traits of an organism are called its phenotype applies to what? - ANS all sexually reproducing organisms. The alleles of a gene are found at ________ chromosomes - ANS the same locus on homologous Mendel's law of independent assortment states that - ANS each pair of alleles (chromosomes) segregates independently of the other pairs of alleles during gamete formation Imagine that we mate two black Labrador dogs with normal vision and find that three of the puppies are like the parents, but one puppy is chocolate with normal vision and another is black with PRA (progressive retinal atrophy, a serious disease of vision). We can conclude that - ANS the alleles for color and vision segregate independently during gamete formation Most people afflicted with recessive disorders are born to parents who were - ANS not affected at all by the disease All the offspring of a cross between a red-flowered plant and a white-flowered plant have pink flowers. This means that the allele for red flowers is ________ to the allele for white flowers - ANS incompletely dominant Imagine that beak color in a finch species is controlled by a single gene. You mate a finch homozygous for orange (pigmented) beak with a finch homozygous for ivory (unpigmented) beak and get numerous offspring, all of which have a pale, ivory-orange beak. This pattern of color expression is most likely to be an example of - ANS incomplete dominance The presence of AB blood type illustrates the principle of - ANS codominance Sickle-cell disease is an example of - ANS pleiotropy The individual features of all organisms are the result of - ANS genetics and the environment The mechanism that "breaks" the linkage between linked genes is - ANS crossing over The sex chromosome complement of a normal human female is 2/2 - ANS XX A colorblind woman marries a man who is not colorblind. All of their sons, but none of their daughters, are colorblind. Which of the following statements correctly explains these results? - ANS The gene for color vision is found on the X chromosome. Mendel conducted his most memorable experiments on - ANS peas Research since Mendel's time has established that the law of segregation of genes during gamete formation - ANS Applies to all asexually reproducing organisms The alleles of a gene are found at ___________ chromosomes - ANS The same locus on homologous true or false: The genetic makeup of an organism constitutes its genotype - ANS true true or false: An organism with two different alleles for a single trait is said to be homozygous for that trait - ANS false true or false: Alleles are alternate forms of a gene. - ANS true true or false: The expressed physical traits of an organism are called its phenotype - ANS true A carrier of a genetic disorder who does NOT show symptoms is most likely to be _____________ to transmit it to offspring - ANS Heterozygous for the trait and able. a mating between an individual of unknown genotype and an individual homozygous recessive for the trait of interest. - ANS testcross Dr. Smith's parents have normal hearing. However, Dr. Smith has an inherited form of deafness. Deafness is a recessive trait that is associated with the abnormal allele d. The normal allele at this locus, associated with normal hearing, is D. Dr. Smith's parents could have which of the following genotypes? - ANS Dd and Dd In rabbits, one gene for fur color exhibits simple dominance (there are other genes that affect fur color that we will not consider). Black fur is dominant (B) and brown fur is recessive (b). What is the phenotype ratio when you cross 2 heterozygotes? - ANS 3:1 Mrs. Brown cannot taste PTC. Mr. Brown is a taster. His mother was a taster, but his father was a nontaster. What are the chances that their offspring would be a nontaster? - ANS 50% List the ratio of possibilities if you cross a mother that is heterozygous type A and a father that is heterozygous type B?(Your answer should look like this: ___% Type A; ____%Type B; ____ %Type AB; ____% Type O) - ANS 25%, 25%, 25%, 25% what takes place during translation? - ANS the conversion of genetic information from the language of nucleic acids to the language of proteins Which of the following is a function of a tRNA molecule? - ANS joining to only one specific type of amino acid true or false: Polypeptides form proteins that determine the appearance and function of the cell and organism. - ANS true true or false: Eukaryotic mRNA is processed in several ways before export out of the nucleus. - ANS true true or false: Transcription occurs in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. - ANS false true or false: Ribosomes function as factories that coordinate the functioning of mRNA and tRNA. - ANS true Any change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA is called a - ANS mutation The monomers of DNA and RNA are - ANS nucleotides uses each strand of a DNA molecule as a template for the creation of a new strand. - ANS DNA replication If one strand of DNA is CGGTAC, then the complementary strand would be - ANS GCCATG. The transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA is called - ANS transcription The synthesis of protein under the direction of RNA is called - ANS translation What is the transcription product of the sequence GCTAGCGATGAC? - ANS CGAUCGCUACUG Below are three statements. Which of the following choices properly matches the statements with the correct biological processes? I. This occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells with DNA polymerase. II. Transfer RNAs bind amino acids in the cytoplasm. III. An RNA polymerase enzyme is required. - ANS I: replication; II: translation; III: transcription In the genetic code... - ANS amino acids are specified by more than one codon. Which type of mutation is a point mutation? - ANS Substitution What is the function of DNA and how does it do that? - ANS Genetic material that tells the cell how to make protein through the processes transcription and translation that create Amino acids also known as proteins. The shape of a DNA molecule is most like - ANS a twisted rope ladder The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine is equal to the amount of cytosine. - ANS DNA double helix Multiple origins of replication on the DNA molecules of eukaryotic cells serve to - ANS shorten the time necessary for DNA replication. Which is NOT a potential advantage of asexual reproduction? - ANS produces genetically diverse populations. true or false: Sexual reproduction creates an individual that is a genetic copy of one parent - ANS false true or false: Sexual reproduction generates greater genetic variation than asexual reproduction. - ANS true true or false: Sexual reproduction allows animals to expand their populations faster than asexual reproduction. - ANS false true or false: Populations of organisms that reproduce through sexual reproduction generally have more difficulty adapting to changing environments. - ANS false Fertilization in the female reproductive tract typically occurs in the - ANS oviduct An advantage of human testes being positioned in an external sac rather than in the abdominal cavity is that the - ANS testes can be kept cooler than the body's interior he body cells of a turkey have 80 chromosomes each. How many chromosomes would be found in a male turkey's sperm cells? - ANS 40 Which structure produces a thick fluid containing fructose, which is used for energy by sperm? - ANS seminal vesicles Fission is an asexual process that.. - ANS that allows regeneration of lost body parts. Reproductive systems with external fertilization are most common in - ANS aquatic animals After being produced in the testes, sperm mature further in a structure called the - ANS epididymis Coral reefs are made up of genetically alike coral polyps. New polyps develop as offshoots from the parental polyp. What type of reproduction do coral polyps use? - ANS budding The function of a sperm cell's acrosome is to - ANS provide enzymes that help the sperm penetrate the egg Which structure generates the ATP that is required for movement of the sperm's tail? - ANS a mitochondrion in the neck and middle piece Which structure serves as an impenetrable barrier that prevents more than one sperm from fertilizing an egg? - ANS the vitelline layer Which option correctly lists the sequence in which most animals develop? (cleavage, zygote, gastrula, blastula, organ formation) - ANS zygote, cleavage, blastula, gastrula, organ formation