FRESENIUS PCT NEW HIRE EXAM | 100% Correct
Answers | Verified | Latest 2024 Version
What are the anatomical structures of the urinary system in order of urine flow? - ANSWER (2) Kidneys,
(2) ureters, (1) bladder, (1) urethra.
Which of the functions of healthy kidneys are replaced by dialysis? - ANSWER Removal of waste
products, and Regulation of fluid balance
What is the function of renin? - ANSWER Renin is a hormone produced by the kidneys with important
effects on the regulation of blood pressure, and on sodium and potassium balance
Erythropoietin - ANSWER stimulates the bone marrow to produce red blood cells (RBSc).
Why must the kidney activate Vitamin D? - ANSWER The kidney converts Vitamin D to Calcitriol, its
activated form. This activated form of Vitamin D helps to maintain good bone health by helping absorb
calcium from foods eaten
What causes renal osteodystrophy (bone disease)? - ANSWER No longer produce calcitriol - the active
form of Vitamin D o Inadequate or lacking calcitriol causes demineralization of the bone - bone begins to
break down to release the calcium needed for body functioning No longer excrete excess phosphorus
(PO4) o Phosphorus is found in most foods and beverages o Increased PO4 levels cause further calcium
bone loss
What are the body fluid compartments? - ANSWER Intracellular-inside the cells • Extracellular-outside
the cells • Intravascular-inside the blood vessels • Interstitial-between the cells
What is homeostasis? - ANSWER Maintaining a stable internal environment
uremia - ANSWER build up of waste
, What is a semi-permeable membrane? - ANSWER A membrane made from protein, with small pores or
holes. Only certain molecules can fit through.
At what point during the hemodialysis treatment will diffusion cease to occur? - ANSWER Diffusion will
continue throughout the dialysis treatment until the concentration of each electrolyte found in the
patient's blood is equal to the electrolyte concentration in the dialysate.
What is countercurrent flow? - ANSWER Blood and dialysate flow in opposite directions
What happens to diffusion when dialyzer fibers clot? - ANSWER Clotted fibers cause the permeability of
the fiber to be reduced or eliminated, causing a decrease in treatment adequacy. As a result , diffusion
does not occur as particles cannot diffuse across the membrane.
What are the compartments of the dialyzer and what separates them? - ANSWER The blood
compartment is separated from the dialysate compartment by a semi-permeable membrane. The blood
and dialysate do not mix together.
What are three types of solutions? - ANSWER • Hypotonic-containing less particles • Isotonic-containing
equal particles • Hypertonic-containing more particles
When is it known that a patient has developed sensitivity to a dialyzer? - ANSWER Patients develop mild
to severe reactions in some cases, usually seen the first half hour of treatment. Sneezing, itching, pain at
the access site, chest pain, rashing, hives, fever, all may be symptoms of dialyzer membrane allergy, or
allergy to the sterilant used in the manufacturing process
What volume should be used for fresh fill/run off? - ANSWER 50 ml of saline should be drained from the
arterial line and 250 ml should be drained from the venous line
When dialyzing a patient, what position should the dialyzer be in during hemodialysis? - ANSWER Place
the dialyzer arterial end up during the treatment.
What should be checked on a dialyzer before machine set up? - ANSWER The dialyzer should be checked
for sterility (the dialyzer should either be intact in the original packaging or if out of the package should
Answers | Verified | Latest 2024 Version
What are the anatomical structures of the urinary system in order of urine flow? - ANSWER (2) Kidneys,
(2) ureters, (1) bladder, (1) urethra.
Which of the functions of healthy kidneys are replaced by dialysis? - ANSWER Removal of waste
products, and Regulation of fluid balance
What is the function of renin? - ANSWER Renin is a hormone produced by the kidneys with important
effects on the regulation of blood pressure, and on sodium and potassium balance
Erythropoietin - ANSWER stimulates the bone marrow to produce red blood cells (RBSc).
Why must the kidney activate Vitamin D? - ANSWER The kidney converts Vitamin D to Calcitriol, its
activated form. This activated form of Vitamin D helps to maintain good bone health by helping absorb
calcium from foods eaten
What causes renal osteodystrophy (bone disease)? - ANSWER No longer produce calcitriol - the active
form of Vitamin D o Inadequate or lacking calcitriol causes demineralization of the bone - bone begins to
break down to release the calcium needed for body functioning No longer excrete excess phosphorus
(PO4) o Phosphorus is found in most foods and beverages o Increased PO4 levels cause further calcium
bone loss
What are the body fluid compartments? - ANSWER Intracellular-inside the cells • Extracellular-outside
the cells • Intravascular-inside the blood vessels • Interstitial-between the cells
What is homeostasis? - ANSWER Maintaining a stable internal environment
uremia - ANSWER build up of waste
, What is a semi-permeable membrane? - ANSWER A membrane made from protein, with small pores or
holes. Only certain molecules can fit through.
At what point during the hemodialysis treatment will diffusion cease to occur? - ANSWER Diffusion will
continue throughout the dialysis treatment until the concentration of each electrolyte found in the
patient's blood is equal to the electrolyte concentration in the dialysate.
What is countercurrent flow? - ANSWER Blood and dialysate flow in opposite directions
What happens to diffusion when dialyzer fibers clot? - ANSWER Clotted fibers cause the permeability of
the fiber to be reduced or eliminated, causing a decrease in treatment adequacy. As a result , diffusion
does not occur as particles cannot diffuse across the membrane.
What are the compartments of the dialyzer and what separates them? - ANSWER The blood
compartment is separated from the dialysate compartment by a semi-permeable membrane. The blood
and dialysate do not mix together.
What are three types of solutions? - ANSWER • Hypotonic-containing less particles • Isotonic-containing
equal particles • Hypertonic-containing more particles
When is it known that a patient has developed sensitivity to a dialyzer? - ANSWER Patients develop mild
to severe reactions in some cases, usually seen the first half hour of treatment. Sneezing, itching, pain at
the access site, chest pain, rashing, hives, fever, all may be symptoms of dialyzer membrane allergy, or
allergy to the sterilant used in the manufacturing process
What volume should be used for fresh fill/run off? - ANSWER 50 ml of saline should be drained from the
arterial line and 250 ml should be drained from the venous line
When dialyzing a patient, what position should the dialyzer be in during hemodialysis? - ANSWER Place
the dialyzer arterial end up during the treatment.
What should be checked on a dialyzer before machine set up? - ANSWER The dialyzer should be checked
for sterility (the dialyzer should either be intact in the original packaging or if out of the package should
