COHNS HIGHLIGHTS LATEST ACTUAL
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS | ALREADY
GRADED A+
Incident rate - ✔✔# of newly occurring cases per person-time unit
Case studies (series) - ✔✔Identification or reporting of a group of cases;
not a true epi study
Cross sectional study - ✔✔Survey to determine PREVALENCE of disease
or exposure at the same point in time; SELECTION BIAS IF ILL INDIV ARE
GONE. Another shortcoming is that it can only show association between
exposure and disease: did the disease precede exposure or vice versa?
Health status of those who left work?
Amputation PPE - ✔✔Recommended gloves mask eye protection
1
©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
,Work practice control definition - ✔✔Reduce likelihood of exposure by
altering the manner in which a task is performed (not to be associated with
engineering controls)
Compute range of sample distribution - ✔✔
Cohort study (longitudinal or follow up study) - ✔✔Exposed and
nonexposed groups followed over time to determine who develops the
disease; MOST direct eval of health and disease patterns; MEASURES
RISKS AND EXPENSIVE
Case control study - ✔✔Comparison of exposure among individuals with
disease (cases) and others without disease (controls); retrospect or case
referent eval done to determine who was ir wasnt exposed; LESS
EXPENSIVE AND RECALL BIAS FOR THOSE EXPOSED
Environmental effects of heavy metal contaminants - ✔✔Ex: Pb, Cd
Accumulate in subsoil
Toxic accumulation in veggies, fruits, pica activity, leaching into drinking
water
2
©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
, Body burdens of Pb and Cd - ✔✔Lead induced porphyria (skin and nervous
system), aplastic anemia (bone marrow toxicity) neuro (lowered IQ and
attention deficit)
Regulatory principles for limiting potential health threatening exposures -
✔✔AGIH, OSHA: permissible work place exposures
DOT, EPA, OSHA and state agencies: enable statutes and regs to
establish workplaces to be free of potentially hazardous exposures to toxic
substances
OSHA PEL - ✔✔Highest permissible level in 8hr work day
NIOSH TLV - ✔✔Maximal avg encountered value that can be safely
experienced in 8hr day; usually SAME OR LOWER THAN PEL
OSHA STEL - ✔✔Max permissible exposure in a 15min time period (short
term)
NOEL (no observable effect level) - ✔✔Exposure level in humans not
expected to produce adverse effects; extrapolated safety factor of 10 from
animal data
IDLH - ✔✔Immediate danger to life or health
3
©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS | ALREADY
GRADED A+
Incident rate - ✔✔# of newly occurring cases per person-time unit
Case studies (series) - ✔✔Identification or reporting of a group of cases;
not a true epi study
Cross sectional study - ✔✔Survey to determine PREVALENCE of disease
or exposure at the same point in time; SELECTION BIAS IF ILL INDIV ARE
GONE. Another shortcoming is that it can only show association between
exposure and disease: did the disease precede exposure or vice versa?
Health status of those who left work?
Amputation PPE - ✔✔Recommended gloves mask eye protection
1
©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
,Work practice control definition - ✔✔Reduce likelihood of exposure by
altering the manner in which a task is performed (not to be associated with
engineering controls)
Compute range of sample distribution - ✔✔
Cohort study (longitudinal or follow up study) - ✔✔Exposed and
nonexposed groups followed over time to determine who develops the
disease; MOST direct eval of health and disease patterns; MEASURES
RISKS AND EXPENSIVE
Case control study - ✔✔Comparison of exposure among individuals with
disease (cases) and others without disease (controls); retrospect or case
referent eval done to determine who was ir wasnt exposed; LESS
EXPENSIVE AND RECALL BIAS FOR THOSE EXPOSED
Environmental effects of heavy metal contaminants - ✔✔Ex: Pb, Cd
Accumulate in subsoil
Toxic accumulation in veggies, fruits, pica activity, leaching into drinking
water
2
©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
, Body burdens of Pb and Cd - ✔✔Lead induced porphyria (skin and nervous
system), aplastic anemia (bone marrow toxicity) neuro (lowered IQ and
attention deficit)
Regulatory principles for limiting potential health threatening exposures -
✔✔AGIH, OSHA: permissible work place exposures
DOT, EPA, OSHA and state agencies: enable statutes and regs to
establish workplaces to be free of potentially hazardous exposures to toxic
substances
OSHA PEL - ✔✔Highest permissible level in 8hr work day
NIOSH TLV - ✔✔Maximal avg encountered value that can be safely
experienced in 8hr day; usually SAME OR LOWER THAN PEL
OSHA STEL - ✔✔Max permissible exposure in a 15min time period (short
term)
NOEL (no observable effect level) - ✔✔Exposure level in humans not
expected to produce adverse effects; extrapolated safety factor of 10 from
animal data
IDLH - ✔✔Immediate danger to life or health
3
©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
