Kine 433 Chapter 1 Questions with Verified Answers
What are the three distinct types of muscle? Ans✓✓ -Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle
Skeletal muscle
Smooth muscle characteristics
Where is it found Ans✓✓ -Involuntary
Controlled by autonomic system
Found in walls of most blood vessels, where its contraction or relaxation leads to
vessel constriction or dilation, respectively, to regulate blood flow.
Found in walls of most internal organs
Cardiac muscle characteristics Ans✓✓ -Found only in the heart
Involuntary
Controlled by ANS and endocrine system
Skeletal muscle characteristics Ans✓✓ -Skeletal muscles are under conscious
control; voluntary
More than 600
,Controlled by somatic nervous system
Epimysium Ans✓✓ -The outer connective tissue that surrounds an entire muscle,
holding it together
Fascicles Ans✓✓ -A small bundle of muscle fibers wrapped in a connective
tissue sheath within a muscle
Perimysium Ans✓✓ -The connective tissue sheath surrounding each muscle
fasciculus
Muscle fibers Ans✓✓ -Muscle cell; muscle cells are multinucleated
Endomysium Ans✓✓ -A sheath of connective tissue that covers each muscle
fiber
The longest human muscle fibers are about how long? Ans✓✓ -12 cm, which
corresponds to about 500,000 sarcomeres
How many fibers are in a muscle? Ans✓✓ -Ranges from several hundred (tensor
pani attached to ear drum) to more than a million (medial gastroc)
Plasmalemma Ans✓✓ -Plasma membrane, the selectively permeable lipid
bilayer coated by proteins that composes the outer layer of a cell; part of the
sarcolemma
, What composes the sarcolemma? Ans✓✓ -Composed of the plasmalemma and
the basement membrane
Tendons Ans✓✓ -At the end of each muscle fiber, its plasmalemma fuses with
the tendon, which inserts into the bone. Tendons are made of fibrous cords of
connective tissue that transmit the force generated by muscle fibers to the bones,
thereby creating motion.
Plasmalemma characteristics Ans✓✓ -Appears as series of shallow folds along
surface of muscle fiber, but when fiber is stretched the folds disappear. This allows
the fiber to stretch without disrupting the plasmalemma.
Junctional folds in the innervation zone at the motor end plate allows for
transmission of action potential from motor neuron to muscle fiber
It also helps maintain acid-base balance and transport of metabolites from the
capillary blood into the muscle fiber
Satellite cells Ans✓✓ -Immature cells that can develop into mature cell types,
such as myoblasts
Located between plasmalemma and basement membrane
Involved in development, repair, immobilization and training of skeletal muscle
Sarcoplasm Ans✓✓ -The fluid part of the muscle fiber
What are the three distinct types of muscle? Ans✓✓ -Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle
Skeletal muscle
Smooth muscle characteristics
Where is it found Ans✓✓ -Involuntary
Controlled by autonomic system
Found in walls of most blood vessels, where its contraction or relaxation leads to
vessel constriction or dilation, respectively, to regulate blood flow.
Found in walls of most internal organs
Cardiac muscle characteristics Ans✓✓ -Found only in the heart
Involuntary
Controlled by ANS and endocrine system
Skeletal muscle characteristics Ans✓✓ -Skeletal muscles are under conscious
control; voluntary
More than 600
,Controlled by somatic nervous system
Epimysium Ans✓✓ -The outer connective tissue that surrounds an entire muscle,
holding it together
Fascicles Ans✓✓ -A small bundle of muscle fibers wrapped in a connective
tissue sheath within a muscle
Perimysium Ans✓✓ -The connective tissue sheath surrounding each muscle
fasciculus
Muscle fibers Ans✓✓ -Muscle cell; muscle cells are multinucleated
Endomysium Ans✓✓ -A sheath of connective tissue that covers each muscle
fiber
The longest human muscle fibers are about how long? Ans✓✓ -12 cm, which
corresponds to about 500,000 sarcomeres
How many fibers are in a muscle? Ans✓✓ -Ranges from several hundred (tensor
pani attached to ear drum) to more than a million (medial gastroc)
Plasmalemma Ans✓✓ -Plasma membrane, the selectively permeable lipid
bilayer coated by proteins that composes the outer layer of a cell; part of the
sarcolemma
, What composes the sarcolemma? Ans✓✓ -Composed of the plasmalemma and
the basement membrane
Tendons Ans✓✓ -At the end of each muscle fiber, its plasmalemma fuses with
the tendon, which inserts into the bone. Tendons are made of fibrous cords of
connective tissue that transmit the force generated by muscle fibers to the bones,
thereby creating motion.
Plasmalemma characteristics Ans✓✓ -Appears as series of shallow folds along
surface of muscle fiber, but when fiber is stretched the folds disappear. This allows
the fiber to stretch without disrupting the plasmalemma.
Junctional folds in the innervation zone at the motor end plate allows for
transmission of action potential from motor neuron to muscle fiber
It also helps maintain acid-base balance and transport of metabolites from the
capillary blood into the muscle fiber
Satellite cells Ans✓✓ -Immature cells that can develop into mature cell types,
such as myoblasts
Located between plasmalemma and basement membrane
Involved in development, repair, immobilization and training of skeletal muscle
Sarcoplasm Ans✓✓ -The fluid part of the muscle fiber
