BIOD 171 Module 2- Exam Questions with Verified Solutions Rated A+ (Already Passed)
What is cellular metabolism? - Answers controlled set of biochemical reactions that occur in living
organisms to maintain life.
Because microorganisms can be found in a wide variety of environments (light vs. dark, hot vs. cold,
acidic vs. basic, etc.) the source of energy and the reactions carried out by an organism are - Answers
largely defined by the environment
What is an enzyme? - Answers a protein or group of proteins that catalyze chemical reactions
Is an enzyme consumed in a reaction? - Answers No, it can be used repeatedly by the cell
The specificity and function of some enzymes can also be regulated by a - Answers cofactor
What is a cofactor? - Answers a small chemical component that assist enzymes during the catalysis
reactions
What is usually a cofactor? - Answers metal ions
What do cofactors serve as regulators of? - Answers chemical reactions
In the absence of the proper cofactor, enzymes are ___, while in its presence enzymes are ___. -
Answers inactive, active
In order to produce sufficient levels of energy, microorganisms must break down complex nutrients into
- Answers smaller subunits
What are proteins broken down into? - Answers amino acids
What are fats/lipids broken down into? - Answers glycerol and fatty acids
What are polysaccharides broken down into? - Answers monosaccharides
cells must also be able assemble or build the ___ ___ required for survival. - Answers cellular
components
What is catabolism? - Answers breaking down larger molecules into useful energy sources
What is anabolism? - Answers building up/biosynthesis of macromolecules
What is an example of when the anabolic process is used in a cell? - Answers Growth and repair phases
What happens if a cell runs out of energy before any necessary reactions conclude? - Answers It dies
What would happen if cells did not have enzymes? - Answers Cellular reactions would take too long and
exhaust too much energy
, What are the 4 forms of cellular energy discussed in the module? - Answers ATP, phosphorylation,
substrate level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation
Of the energy forms, which is the most widely used? - Answers ATP
If a phosphate group is removed from ATP, it becomes - Answers ADP
___ has energy to donate, while ___ can accept energy (phosphate group) to become ATP - Answers
ATP, ADP
By donating available phosphate groups, ATP transfers energy from ___ reactions to be used for ___ -
Answers Catabolic, anabolism
This process of donating and/or accepting energy is what fuels a cell to - Answers Carry out necessary
biochemical reactions for survival
How microbes produce ATP, specifically the starting source of electrons, can also be used as a - Answers
Means to differentiate and characterize microorganisms
Where do phototrophs acquire their energy? - Answers photons of light to generate ATP from ADP
Where do chemotrophs acquire their energy? - Answers preformed chemicals found in the environment
Chemotrophs can be subdivided into what two additional subgroups? - Answers organotrophs and
lithotrophs
What does an organotroph do? - Answers Remove electrons from organic molecules
What do lithotrophs do? - Answers Remove electrons from inorganic molecules
Name an organic and inorganic molecule - Answers Glucose, sulfur
In order to carry out metabolic processes, microbes must also have a source of - Answers Carbon
What is a heterotroph? - Answers A microorganism that derives its carbon from organic molecules, such
as sugars
What is an autotroph? - Answers An organism that derives its carbon from inorganic molecules like CO2
What is phosphorylation? - Answers addition of a phosphate group to turn ADP into ATP
What is photophosphorylation? - Answers Light energy is used to make ATP from ADP
What is substrate level phosphorylation? - Answers phosphoryl group of a chemical compound is
transferred and donated directly to ADP
The chemical compound losing the phosphate group is referred to as the - Answers Phosphorylated
reactive intermediate
What is cellular metabolism? - Answers controlled set of biochemical reactions that occur in living
organisms to maintain life.
Because microorganisms can be found in a wide variety of environments (light vs. dark, hot vs. cold,
acidic vs. basic, etc.) the source of energy and the reactions carried out by an organism are - Answers
largely defined by the environment
What is an enzyme? - Answers a protein or group of proteins that catalyze chemical reactions
Is an enzyme consumed in a reaction? - Answers No, it can be used repeatedly by the cell
The specificity and function of some enzymes can also be regulated by a - Answers cofactor
What is a cofactor? - Answers a small chemical component that assist enzymes during the catalysis
reactions
What is usually a cofactor? - Answers metal ions
What do cofactors serve as regulators of? - Answers chemical reactions
In the absence of the proper cofactor, enzymes are ___, while in its presence enzymes are ___. -
Answers inactive, active
In order to produce sufficient levels of energy, microorganisms must break down complex nutrients into
- Answers smaller subunits
What are proteins broken down into? - Answers amino acids
What are fats/lipids broken down into? - Answers glycerol and fatty acids
What are polysaccharides broken down into? - Answers monosaccharides
cells must also be able assemble or build the ___ ___ required for survival. - Answers cellular
components
What is catabolism? - Answers breaking down larger molecules into useful energy sources
What is anabolism? - Answers building up/biosynthesis of macromolecules
What is an example of when the anabolic process is used in a cell? - Answers Growth and repair phases
What happens if a cell runs out of energy before any necessary reactions conclude? - Answers It dies
What would happen if cells did not have enzymes? - Answers Cellular reactions would take too long and
exhaust too much energy
, What are the 4 forms of cellular energy discussed in the module? - Answers ATP, phosphorylation,
substrate level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation
Of the energy forms, which is the most widely used? - Answers ATP
If a phosphate group is removed from ATP, it becomes - Answers ADP
___ has energy to donate, while ___ can accept energy (phosphate group) to become ATP - Answers
ATP, ADP
By donating available phosphate groups, ATP transfers energy from ___ reactions to be used for ___ -
Answers Catabolic, anabolism
This process of donating and/or accepting energy is what fuels a cell to - Answers Carry out necessary
biochemical reactions for survival
How microbes produce ATP, specifically the starting source of electrons, can also be used as a - Answers
Means to differentiate and characterize microorganisms
Where do phototrophs acquire their energy? - Answers photons of light to generate ATP from ADP
Where do chemotrophs acquire their energy? - Answers preformed chemicals found in the environment
Chemotrophs can be subdivided into what two additional subgroups? - Answers organotrophs and
lithotrophs
What does an organotroph do? - Answers Remove electrons from organic molecules
What do lithotrophs do? - Answers Remove electrons from inorganic molecules
Name an organic and inorganic molecule - Answers Glucose, sulfur
In order to carry out metabolic processes, microbes must also have a source of - Answers Carbon
What is a heterotroph? - Answers A microorganism that derives its carbon from organic molecules, such
as sugars
What is an autotroph? - Answers An organism that derives its carbon from inorganic molecules like CO2
What is phosphorylation? - Answers addition of a phosphate group to turn ADP into ATP
What is photophosphorylation? - Answers Light energy is used to make ATP from ADP
What is substrate level phosphorylation? - Answers phosphoryl group of a chemical compound is
transferred and donated directly to ADP
The chemical compound losing the phosphate group is referred to as the - Answers Phosphorylated
reactive intermediate
