©Jason MacConnell 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
PAT401: Week 6 Exam Questions With
Correct Answers A+
What do COVID lab findings include? - Answer✔- decreased lymphocytes in blood
- increased inflammatory cytokines
- increased D-dimer
- bilateral lung infiltrates on CT (fluid in lungs)
What are the 2 vaccines that use mRNA carrying spike protein sequence? - Answer✔1. Moderna
2. Pfizer/BioNTech
What are the MOA of Moderna and Pfizer vaccinations/ - Answer✔mRNA vaccines use host
cells' own translation machinery to make harmless pieces of viral spike proteins that elicit
immune response to virus
What are the 2 viral vector technology vaccines? - Answer✔1. AstraZeneca
2. Jassen (Johnson & Johnson)
What are the MOA of AstraZeneca, Janssen (Johnson & Johnson) vaccinations? - Answer✔Viral
vector vaccines use modified version of one virus as a vector to deliver genetic material coding
into host's cells to elicit immune response to virus
What are monoclonal antibodies? - Answer✔Antibodies produced from a single group of
genetically identical B-cells
Names end in -mab
What is an example of a monoclonal antibody? - Answer✔Tocilizumab
What are the indications of Tocilizumab? - Answer✔- hospitalized pts. with COVID on
dexamethasone therapy and within 14 days of hospital admission AND require new respiratory
support and/or vasopressor/inotropic support OR evidence of systemic inflammation, defined as
a serum C-reactive protein of 75 mg/L or higher
1
, ©Jason MacConnell 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
- evidence of disease progression despite 24-48 hours of recommended doses of dexamethasone
therapy
What is the MOA of Tocilizumab? - Answer✔IL-6 inhibitor
What are the desired effects of Tocilizumab? - Answer✔- reduce severe inflammation
- improve resp. function
- prevent organ damage
- decrease ICU stays and mortality in severe COVID pts.
- helps calm the cytokine storm
What are the adverse effects of Tocilizumab? - Answer✔- headache
- dizziness
- HTN
- rash
- infusion reactions
- upper resp. infections
- nasopharyngitis
- bronchitis
What is the indications for Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir? - Answer✔Treat mild to moderate COVID-
19 in clients who have
- A positive result from a viral test and
- A high risk of getting severe COVID-19, including hospitalization or death
What is the MOA of Nirmatrelvir? - Answer✔inhibits SARS-CoV-2's main protease/enzyme
What is the MOA of Ritonavir? - Answer✔inhibits cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of
nirmatrelvir
What are the desired effects of Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir? - Answer✔- Stops virus from multiplying
- Reduces severe outcomes
What are the adverse effects of Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir? - Answer✔Common: hypertension,
severe allergic reaction
Rare: Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, liver problems
2
PAT401: Week 6 Exam Questions With
Correct Answers A+
What do COVID lab findings include? - Answer✔- decreased lymphocytes in blood
- increased inflammatory cytokines
- increased D-dimer
- bilateral lung infiltrates on CT (fluid in lungs)
What are the 2 vaccines that use mRNA carrying spike protein sequence? - Answer✔1. Moderna
2. Pfizer/BioNTech
What are the MOA of Moderna and Pfizer vaccinations/ - Answer✔mRNA vaccines use host
cells' own translation machinery to make harmless pieces of viral spike proteins that elicit
immune response to virus
What are the 2 viral vector technology vaccines? - Answer✔1. AstraZeneca
2. Jassen (Johnson & Johnson)
What are the MOA of AstraZeneca, Janssen (Johnson & Johnson) vaccinations? - Answer✔Viral
vector vaccines use modified version of one virus as a vector to deliver genetic material coding
into host's cells to elicit immune response to virus
What are monoclonal antibodies? - Answer✔Antibodies produced from a single group of
genetically identical B-cells
Names end in -mab
What is an example of a monoclonal antibody? - Answer✔Tocilizumab
What are the indications of Tocilizumab? - Answer✔- hospitalized pts. with COVID on
dexamethasone therapy and within 14 days of hospital admission AND require new respiratory
support and/or vasopressor/inotropic support OR evidence of systemic inflammation, defined as
a serum C-reactive protein of 75 mg/L or higher
1
, ©Jason MacConnell 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
- evidence of disease progression despite 24-48 hours of recommended doses of dexamethasone
therapy
What is the MOA of Tocilizumab? - Answer✔IL-6 inhibitor
What are the desired effects of Tocilizumab? - Answer✔- reduce severe inflammation
- improve resp. function
- prevent organ damage
- decrease ICU stays and mortality in severe COVID pts.
- helps calm the cytokine storm
What are the adverse effects of Tocilizumab? - Answer✔- headache
- dizziness
- HTN
- rash
- infusion reactions
- upper resp. infections
- nasopharyngitis
- bronchitis
What is the indications for Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir? - Answer✔Treat mild to moderate COVID-
19 in clients who have
- A positive result from a viral test and
- A high risk of getting severe COVID-19, including hospitalization or death
What is the MOA of Nirmatrelvir? - Answer✔inhibits SARS-CoV-2's main protease/enzyme
What is the MOA of Ritonavir? - Answer✔inhibits cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of
nirmatrelvir
What are the desired effects of Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir? - Answer✔- Stops virus from multiplying
- Reduces severe outcomes
What are the adverse effects of Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir? - Answer✔Common: hypertension,
severe allergic reaction
Rare: Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, liver problems
2
