Medication basic nursing ch 25
Maslow's Hierarchy -
Airway (#1) Breathing and Circulation
Absorption -
movement of drug from the site of administration into the bloodstream.
pH of Meds either acid or base -
Acid= 1-6 Neutral = 7 Base= 8-14
4 mucous membranes of body -
nose, eyes, vagina, and GI tract
Distribution -
The transportation of a drug in body fluids (usu. bloodstream) to various tissues and
organs. rate and extent of distribution depends on:
1) circulation 2) membrane permeability 3) protein binding
Metabolism -
The chemical inactivation of a drug, after a med reaches its site of action, it becomes
metabolized. Biotransformation; chemical conversion
What is first pass effect? -
oral meds passed through GI tract and some get destroyed before site of absorption
Sites of the body where metabolism takes place? -
Liver (mostly where metabolism occurs), kidneys, lungs, blood, and GI tract
Which organ is responsible for the majority of drug biotransformation in body? -
Liver--the largest digestive detox unit
Excretion -
the elimination of the drug from the body. drugs may be metabolized completely,
partially, or not at all when excreted.
Ffactors that affect excretion? -
organ function, esp the kidneys, liver, and lungs
Sites of excretion? -
Kidney (#1), liver and GI tract, lungs, and exocrine glands, skin
Drug Interactions -
when 1 med modifies the action of another med. ex: warfarin (anti-coagulant) and
Vit. K (broccoli, spinach, etc)
synergistic effect -
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, effect of 2 meds combined is greater than the effect of separate. ex: alcohol paired
with anti depressants
Meds with fastest onset?
slowest?
steadiest and most consistent? -
-IV
-Oral
-Transdermal
onset of action -
the time needed for drug concentration to reach a high enough blood level for its
effects to appear
duration of action -
the period of time in which the medication has a pharmalogical effect, before it is
metabolized and excreted
peak level -
when the drug is at its highest concentration
trough level -
when drug is at its lowest level of concentration, right before the next dose is due
primary effects -
effects that are predicted, intended and desired.
secondary effects -
unintended, non-therapeutic
side effects -
unintended but often predictable, physiological effects that are usually well tolerated.
most common: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth, and
constipation
adverse reactions -
harmful, unintended, and usually unpredictable reactions
toxic reactions -
dangerous, damaging effects to an organ or tissue. more severe than adverse ex:
toxicity/poisoning
allergic reactions -
mild to severe= rash to an anaphylactic reaction (sudden constriction of the
bronchioles)
Palliative effects -
relieve the signs and symptoms of a disease, but don't effect the disease itself. ex:
manage pain but not cure disease
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Maslow's Hierarchy -
Airway (#1) Breathing and Circulation
Absorption -
movement of drug from the site of administration into the bloodstream.
pH of Meds either acid or base -
Acid= 1-6 Neutral = 7 Base= 8-14
4 mucous membranes of body -
nose, eyes, vagina, and GI tract
Distribution -
The transportation of a drug in body fluids (usu. bloodstream) to various tissues and
organs. rate and extent of distribution depends on:
1) circulation 2) membrane permeability 3) protein binding
Metabolism -
The chemical inactivation of a drug, after a med reaches its site of action, it becomes
metabolized. Biotransformation; chemical conversion
What is first pass effect? -
oral meds passed through GI tract and some get destroyed before site of absorption
Sites of the body where metabolism takes place? -
Liver (mostly where metabolism occurs), kidneys, lungs, blood, and GI tract
Which organ is responsible for the majority of drug biotransformation in body? -
Liver--the largest digestive detox unit
Excretion -
the elimination of the drug from the body. drugs may be metabolized completely,
partially, or not at all when excreted.
Ffactors that affect excretion? -
organ function, esp the kidneys, liver, and lungs
Sites of excretion? -
Kidney (#1), liver and GI tract, lungs, and exocrine glands, skin
Drug Interactions -
when 1 med modifies the action of another med. ex: warfarin (anti-coagulant) and
Vit. K (broccoli, spinach, etc)
synergistic effect -
1|Page
, effect of 2 meds combined is greater than the effect of separate. ex: alcohol paired
with anti depressants
Meds with fastest onset?
slowest?
steadiest and most consistent? -
-IV
-Oral
-Transdermal
onset of action -
the time needed for drug concentration to reach a high enough blood level for its
effects to appear
duration of action -
the period of time in which the medication has a pharmalogical effect, before it is
metabolized and excreted
peak level -
when the drug is at its highest concentration
trough level -
when drug is at its lowest level of concentration, right before the next dose is due
primary effects -
effects that are predicted, intended and desired.
secondary effects -
unintended, non-therapeutic
side effects -
unintended but often predictable, physiological effects that are usually well tolerated.
most common: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth, and
constipation
adverse reactions -
harmful, unintended, and usually unpredictable reactions
toxic reactions -
dangerous, damaging effects to an organ or tissue. more severe than adverse ex:
toxicity/poisoning
allergic reactions -
mild to severe= rash to an anaphylactic reaction (sudden constriction of the
bronchioles)
Palliative effects -
relieve the signs and symptoms of a disease, but don't effect the disease itself. ex:
manage pain but not cure disease
2|Page
