Informed consent Exam Questions with Correct Solutions Latest Update 2025

Informed consent Exam Questions with Correct Solutions Latest Update 2025 Informed consent - Answers Course of dialogue between clinician and a patient/pt's surrogate about a proposed course of action; if agreed upon he/she provides this Patient autonomy - Answers Principle of informed consent The right of an individual to make decisions based on his/her own reason and agency beneficence, justice, respect for autonomy - Answers Ethical principles of informed consent 3 purposes of informed consent - Answers Discloses info to pts/or rep Allows practitioners to assess pt/rep capacity for medical decision making & comprehension of info Provides opportunity to obtain consent/voluntary agreement before tx Content discussed during IC - Answers Variable recommendations/definitions Nature of medical dx, aspects of tx, etc Professionalism, transparency, honesty Pt/surrogate assured they have liberty to make own decisions Individuals who can participate in IC - Answers Physician or healthcare provider (not students) Pt/pt's surrogate Consent - Answers voluntary agreement Assent - Answers affirmative agreement (of the child), usually coupled with informed permission of parent Dissent - Answers refusal Obtaining assent from children - Answers Aid child in understanding d/x State what child can expect w/ tests & txs Assess his/her understanding Solicit expression of childs willingness to accept tx Parent - Answers Who is the final decision makers in a childs treatment? If benefit of tx outweigh risks/burdens - Answers Parent can opt for tx plan even if child dissent Pt make decision that places substantial risk or harm - Answers MDs moral and legal responsibility to contest Cognitive facilities Maturity of judgment Moral functioning - Answers Factors to consider in evaluating a minor's readiness to be involved in medical decision making Adolescents - circumstances where a minor can legally make his/her own medical decisions - Answers Mature minor exception Legal emancipation Special clinical services Adolescents who are parents Mature minor exception - Answers Establishes that minors w/ sufficient maturity and mental capacity as confirmed by judicial determination make their own medical decisions Legal emancipation - Answers Legal status ; results in allowing adolescents to consent for their own medical care; adolescents who are married or self supporting and live independently from parents or are active duty Emergency situations - Answers IC not required when urgent/emergent tx of minor is required to prevent imminent and significant harm Surrogate Decision Making - Answers When patient has lost his/her capacity to make his/her own medical decisions Substituted judgement - Answers Family or other pt's surrogate acts on his/her knowledge of pts own wishes, substituting in his/her discernment of pts wants Standard peds/methods of surrogate decision making - Answers Best-interest standard Constrained parental autonomy Shared, family-centered decision making Harm principle Consent for research - Answers Parent AND child assent required by federal guidelines Research thought to provide significant benefit to pt and not available outside research setting - Answers For research consent, child has right to refuse participation EXCEPT US dept HHS Title 45 CFR part 46; subpart D - Answers Assent of children prior to participation