nur 318 chapter 11 Maternal Adaptation
During Pregnancy exam questions with
correct answers
pregnancy - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅9 months
- 10 lunar months of 28 days
- 40 weeks or 280 days total
trimesters = split pregnancy into three 13-week segments
1st trimester
- weeks 1 through 13
2nd trimester
- weeks 14 through 26
3rd trimester
- weeks 27 through 40
Presumptive (subjective) signs of pregnancy - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅amenorrhea (4 weeks)
breast tenderness (3-4 weeks)
nausea and vomiting (4-14 weeks)
breast enlargement (6 weeks)
,urinary frequency (6-12 weeks)
uterine enlargement (7-12 weeks)
fatigue (12 weeks)
hyperpigmentation of skin (16 weeks)
fetal movements (quickening) (16-20 weeks)
presumptive signs are those signs that the mother can perceive
most obvious presumptive = absence of menstruation
- skipping a period is not a reliable sign of pregnancy by itself
---> but if it is accompanied by consistent nausea, fatigue, breast tenderness, and urinary frequency,
pregnancy may be likely
N/V usually improves after 14 weeks
these are the least reliable indicators of pregnancy because any one of them can be caused by
conditions other than pregnancy
why presumptive signs are unreliable - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅amenorrhea can be caused by early
menopause, endocrine dysfunction, malnutrition, anemia, diabetes mellitus, long-distance running,
cancer, or stress
nausea and vomiting can be caused by gastrointestinal disorders, food poisoning, acute infections, or
eating disorders
fatigue could be caused by anemia, stress, or viral infections
,breast tenderness may result from chronic cystic mastitis, premenstrual changes, or the use of oral
contraceptives
urinary frequency could have a variety of causes other than pregnancy, such as infection, cystocele,
structural disorders, pelvic tumors, or emotional tension
Probable (objective) signs of pregnancy - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅positive pregnancy test (4-12 weeks)
abdominal uterine enlargement (14 weeks)
Braxton Hicks contractions (16-28 weeks)
ballottement (16-28 weeks)
- the examiner pushes against the woman's cervix during a pelvic examination and feels a rebound from
the floating fetus
Hegar's sign (6-12 weeks) ****
- softening of the lower uterine segment or isthmus
Chadwick's sign (6-8 weeks)
- bluish-purple coloration of the vaginal mucosa and cervix
Goodell's sign (5 weeks) ****
- softening of the cervix
probable signs of pregnancy are those that can be detected on physical examination by a health care
provider
- more reliable than presumptive signs, not 100% reliable
, ex. uterine tumors, polyps, infection, and pelvic congestion can cause changes to uterine shape, size,
and consistency
ex. although pregnancy tests are used to establish the diagnosis of pregnancy when the physical signs
are still inconclusive, they are not completely reliable, because conditions other than pregnancy can also
elevate hCG levels
- ovarian cancer
- choriocarcinoma
- hydatidiform mole
Hegar's sign ***** - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅probable sign around 6-12 weeks
softening of the lower uterine segment or isthmus
Chadwick's sign ***** - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅probable sign around 6-8 weeks
bluish-purple coloration of the vaginal mucosa and cervix
think of Alicia
Goodell's sign ***** - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅probable sign around 5 weeks
softening of the cervix
Pregnancy Tests - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅hCG is a hormone created by the placenta
a positive pregnancy test is a probable sign of pregnancy
hCG uses enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing, the most popular method of testing for
pregnancy
During Pregnancy exam questions with
correct answers
pregnancy - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅9 months
- 10 lunar months of 28 days
- 40 weeks or 280 days total
trimesters = split pregnancy into three 13-week segments
1st trimester
- weeks 1 through 13
2nd trimester
- weeks 14 through 26
3rd trimester
- weeks 27 through 40
Presumptive (subjective) signs of pregnancy - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅amenorrhea (4 weeks)
breast tenderness (3-4 weeks)
nausea and vomiting (4-14 weeks)
breast enlargement (6 weeks)
,urinary frequency (6-12 weeks)
uterine enlargement (7-12 weeks)
fatigue (12 weeks)
hyperpigmentation of skin (16 weeks)
fetal movements (quickening) (16-20 weeks)
presumptive signs are those signs that the mother can perceive
most obvious presumptive = absence of menstruation
- skipping a period is not a reliable sign of pregnancy by itself
---> but if it is accompanied by consistent nausea, fatigue, breast tenderness, and urinary frequency,
pregnancy may be likely
N/V usually improves after 14 weeks
these are the least reliable indicators of pregnancy because any one of them can be caused by
conditions other than pregnancy
why presumptive signs are unreliable - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅amenorrhea can be caused by early
menopause, endocrine dysfunction, malnutrition, anemia, diabetes mellitus, long-distance running,
cancer, or stress
nausea and vomiting can be caused by gastrointestinal disorders, food poisoning, acute infections, or
eating disorders
fatigue could be caused by anemia, stress, or viral infections
,breast tenderness may result from chronic cystic mastitis, premenstrual changes, or the use of oral
contraceptives
urinary frequency could have a variety of causes other than pregnancy, such as infection, cystocele,
structural disorders, pelvic tumors, or emotional tension
Probable (objective) signs of pregnancy - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅positive pregnancy test (4-12 weeks)
abdominal uterine enlargement (14 weeks)
Braxton Hicks contractions (16-28 weeks)
ballottement (16-28 weeks)
- the examiner pushes against the woman's cervix during a pelvic examination and feels a rebound from
the floating fetus
Hegar's sign (6-12 weeks) ****
- softening of the lower uterine segment or isthmus
Chadwick's sign (6-8 weeks)
- bluish-purple coloration of the vaginal mucosa and cervix
Goodell's sign (5 weeks) ****
- softening of the cervix
probable signs of pregnancy are those that can be detected on physical examination by a health care
provider
- more reliable than presumptive signs, not 100% reliable
, ex. uterine tumors, polyps, infection, and pelvic congestion can cause changes to uterine shape, size,
and consistency
ex. although pregnancy tests are used to establish the diagnosis of pregnancy when the physical signs
are still inconclusive, they are not completely reliable, because conditions other than pregnancy can also
elevate hCG levels
- ovarian cancer
- choriocarcinoma
- hydatidiform mole
Hegar's sign ***** - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅probable sign around 6-12 weeks
softening of the lower uterine segment or isthmus
Chadwick's sign ***** - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅probable sign around 6-8 weeks
bluish-purple coloration of the vaginal mucosa and cervix
think of Alicia
Goodell's sign ***** - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅probable sign around 5 weeks
softening of the cervix
Pregnancy Tests - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅hCG is a hormone created by the placenta
a positive pregnancy test is a probable sign of pregnancy
hCG uses enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing, the most popular method of testing for
pregnancy
