PA Psychology Exam 2 Questions and Answers A
Graded
What is personality? - AnswerBlend of characteristics that makes a person unique
/.The structure of personality is compromised of the following: - Answer1. Psychological
Core
2. Typical Response
3. Role-related Behavior
/.What is the structure of personality? (Pyramid) - Answerpsychological core
(internal/constant), typical responses, role-related behavior (external/dynamic)
/.Traits - AnswerPersonality consists of stable fundamental components
/.Traits are the main cause of behavior because - AnswerWe behave the way we do
mainly because of factors within us, not because of situational influences
e.g. A 'competitive athlete' is likely to act competitively regardless of how critical the
situation is
/.Eysenck's Personality Theory - AnswerIntroversion to Extroversion
Stability to Neuroticism
Self-Control (Super ego) to Psychoticism
/.The Five Factor Model (FFM) - Answer- Most popular framework in the study of
personality
- These 5 Factors are also known as "The Big Five"
-OCEAN
/.OCEAN - AnswerOpenness to experience
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
/.Openness to experience - AnswerOriginality, need for variety, and curiosity
(Imagination, feelings, actions, ideas)
/.Conscientiousness - Answerconstraint, achievement, striving, and self-discipline
(competence, self-discipline, thoughtfulness, goal-driven)
/.Extraversion - Answerenthusiasm, sociability, assertiveness, and high activity
,(sociability, assertiveness, emotional expression)
/.Agreeableness - Answeramiability, altruism, and modesty
(cooperative, trustworthy, good-natured)
/.Neuroticism - Answernervousness, anxiety, depression, and anger
(tendency toward unstable emotions)
/.Openness Low Score - Answerpractical, conventional, prefers routine
/.Openness High Score - Answercurious, wide range of interests, independent
/.Conscientiousness Low Score - Answerimpulsive, careless, disorganized
/.Conscientiousness High Score - Answerhardworking, dependable, organized
/.Extroversion Low Score - Answerquiet, reserved, withdrawn
/.Extroversion High Score - Answeroutgoing, warm, seeks adventure
/.Agreeableness Low Score - Answercritical, uncooperative, suspicious
/.Agreeableness High Score - Answerhelpful, trusting, empathetic
/.Neuroticism Low Score - Answercalm, even-tempered, secure
/.Neuroticism High Score - Answeranxious, unhappy, prone to negative emotions
/.Big 5 Personality on Exercise: Openness to Experience - Answer+ outdoor exercise
/.Big 5 Personality on Exercise: Conscientiousness - Answer+ Self-reported Exercise
+ Exercise Intentions
+Overcoming Barriers
+ Scheduled Exercise
/.Big 5 Personality on Exercise: Extraversion - Answer+ Moderate & vigorous exercise
+ Self-reported exercise
+ Exercise Intentions
+ Overcoming Barriers
+ Prefer exercising with others
+ Enjoyment
/.Big 5 Personality on Exercise: Agreeableness - AnswerNone
/.Big 5 Personality on Exercise: Neuroticism - Answer- Self-reported exercise
- Exercise adherence
, - Exercise Intentions
+ Barriers (fear of embarrassment/lack of motivation)
+ Enhance appearance
- Enjoyment
/.Situation Approach (Bobo Dolls) - Answer- Behavior is determined by the situation/
environment
- Draws from social learning theory
- Observational Learning (modeling)
- Social Reinforcement (feedback)
- The cross-situational consistency or stability of behavior is relatively low, which can
indicate that traits have a weak role
/.Interactional Approach - Answer-The personal factors (traits) and the situation
determine behavior jointly
- To understand behavior, you have to know both the person and the situation
- Favored approach when studying behavior
-E.g., A person prone to anxiety may experience anxiety in some cases, but not in
others
/.Locus of Control - AnswerDegree to which people believe that they have control over
the events in their lives
/.External Attributional Style - AnswerView outcomes as a result of external forces (e.g.,
luck, other individuals, simplicity of the task)
/.Internal Attributional Style - AnswerView of outcomes as a result of personal effort or
ability
- associated with "free-living" PA
- E.g., stairs vs elevator & walk vs bus
/.Self-Perceptions - Answer-How we think and feel about ourselves, our attributes, and
our abilities
- Plays an important role in our psychological and physical well-being
- Global, domain-specific, or situation-specific
- Self esteem, self-concept, and body image contribute to our self-perception
/.Self-Concept - Answer- The way in which we see or define ourselves
- 'Who I am'
/.Self-Esteem (Self-Worth) - Answer- Evaluative or affective consequence of one's self-
concept
- 'How I feel about who I am'
Graded
What is personality? - AnswerBlend of characteristics that makes a person unique
/.The structure of personality is compromised of the following: - Answer1. Psychological
Core
2. Typical Response
3. Role-related Behavior
/.What is the structure of personality? (Pyramid) - Answerpsychological core
(internal/constant), typical responses, role-related behavior (external/dynamic)
/.Traits - AnswerPersonality consists of stable fundamental components
/.Traits are the main cause of behavior because - AnswerWe behave the way we do
mainly because of factors within us, not because of situational influences
e.g. A 'competitive athlete' is likely to act competitively regardless of how critical the
situation is
/.Eysenck's Personality Theory - AnswerIntroversion to Extroversion
Stability to Neuroticism
Self-Control (Super ego) to Psychoticism
/.The Five Factor Model (FFM) - Answer- Most popular framework in the study of
personality
- These 5 Factors are also known as "The Big Five"
-OCEAN
/.OCEAN - AnswerOpenness to experience
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
/.Openness to experience - AnswerOriginality, need for variety, and curiosity
(Imagination, feelings, actions, ideas)
/.Conscientiousness - Answerconstraint, achievement, striving, and self-discipline
(competence, self-discipline, thoughtfulness, goal-driven)
/.Extraversion - Answerenthusiasm, sociability, assertiveness, and high activity
,(sociability, assertiveness, emotional expression)
/.Agreeableness - Answeramiability, altruism, and modesty
(cooperative, trustworthy, good-natured)
/.Neuroticism - Answernervousness, anxiety, depression, and anger
(tendency toward unstable emotions)
/.Openness Low Score - Answerpractical, conventional, prefers routine
/.Openness High Score - Answercurious, wide range of interests, independent
/.Conscientiousness Low Score - Answerimpulsive, careless, disorganized
/.Conscientiousness High Score - Answerhardworking, dependable, organized
/.Extroversion Low Score - Answerquiet, reserved, withdrawn
/.Extroversion High Score - Answeroutgoing, warm, seeks adventure
/.Agreeableness Low Score - Answercritical, uncooperative, suspicious
/.Agreeableness High Score - Answerhelpful, trusting, empathetic
/.Neuroticism Low Score - Answercalm, even-tempered, secure
/.Neuroticism High Score - Answeranxious, unhappy, prone to negative emotions
/.Big 5 Personality on Exercise: Openness to Experience - Answer+ outdoor exercise
/.Big 5 Personality on Exercise: Conscientiousness - Answer+ Self-reported Exercise
+ Exercise Intentions
+Overcoming Barriers
+ Scheduled Exercise
/.Big 5 Personality on Exercise: Extraversion - Answer+ Moderate & vigorous exercise
+ Self-reported exercise
+ Exercise Intentions
+ Overcoming Barriers
+ Prefer exercising with others
+ Enjoyment
/.Big 5 Personality on Exercise: Agreeableness - AnswerNone
/.Big 5 Personality on Exercise: Neuroticism - Answer- Self-reported exercise
- Exercise adherence
, - Exercise Intentions
+ Barriers (fear of embarrassment/lack of motivation)
+ Enhance appearance
- Enjoyment
/.Situation Approach (Bobo Dolls) - Answer- Behavior is determined by the situation/
environment
- Draws from social learning theory
- Observational Learning (modeling)
- Social Reinforcement (feedback)
- The cross-situational consistency or stability of behavior is relatively low, which can
indicate that traits have a weak role
/.Interactional Approach - Answer-The personal factors (traits) and the situation
determine behavior jointly
- To understand behavior, you have to know both the person and the situation
- Favored approach when studying behavior
-E.g., A person prone to anxiety may experience anxiety in some cases, but not in
others
/.Locus of Control - AnswerDegree to which people believe that they have control over
the events in their lives
/.External Attributional Style - AnswerView outcomes as a result of external forces (e.g.,
luck, other individuals, simplicity of the task)
/.Internal Attributional Style - AnswerView of outcomes as a result of personal effort or
ability
- associated with "free-living" PA
- E.g., stairs vs elevator & walk vs bus
/.Self-Perceptions - Answer-How we think and feel about ourselves, our attributes, and
our abilities
- Plays an important role in our psychological and physical well-being
- Global, domain-specific, or situation-specific
- Self esteem, self-concept, and body image contribute to our self-perception
/.Self-Concept - Answer- The way in which we see or define ourselves
- 'Who I am'
/.Self-Esteem (Self-Worth) - Answer- Evaluative or affective consequence of one's self-
concept
- 'How I feel about who I am'
