Pediatrics ATI Proctored with Questions and Answers
What is the average head circumference of an infant? - ANSWER -33-35 cm
What is the average length of an infant? - ANSWER -48-53 cm (19-21 in)
What is the average weight of an infant? - ANSWER -2,700-4,000 g (6-9 lb)
When do the posterior and anterior fontanels close? - ANSWER -Posterior= 6-8 weeks
Anterior= 12-18 months
How much weight per month do infants gain in the first 5 months of life? - ANSWER -
1.5 lb
Birth weight is doubled by the age of? - ANSWER -5 months
Birth weight is tripled by the age of? - ANSWER -12 months
How much do infants grow (length-wise) per month for the first 6 months of life? -
ANSWER -1 inch
Temperature for age 3-6 months: - ANSWER -37.5 C (99.5 F)
Temperature for age 1 year: - ANSWER -37.7 C (99.7 F)
Temperature for age 3 years: - ANSWER -37.2 C (99.0)
Temperature for age 5 years: - ANSWER -37.0 C (98.6)
Temperature for age 7 years: - ANSWER -36.8 (98.2)
Temperature for age 9 and 11 years: - ANSWER -36.7
Temperature for age 13 years: - ANSWER -36.6
When is erect head posture expected in infants? - ANSWER -4 months
When does the posterior fontanel close? - ANSWER -6-8 weeks
When does the anterior fontanel close? - ANSWER -12-18 months
When does permanent eye color manifest in the infant? - ANSWER -6-12 months
Tumbling E or HOTV Test - ANSWER -Used to check visual acuity of children who are
unable to read letters and numbers
, Ishihara Color Test or the Hardy-Rand-Rittler Test - ANSWER -Used to assess color
vision
How should the internal ear be moved for assessment for infants and toddlers? -
ANSWER -Pull the pinna down and back
How should the internal ear be moved for assessment for children older than 3 years of
age? - ANSWER -Pull the pinna up and back
How many teeth should infants have by 1 year? - ANSWER -6-8 teeth
How many deciduous teeth and then permanent teeth do children have? - ANSWER -
28 deciduous teeth; 32 permanent teeth
What lung sounds are commonly heard in the child? - ANSWER -Vesicular, soft
swishing sounds
When listening to heart sounds, what is commonly heard in children that is not heard in
adults and frequently occurs with respirations? - ANSWER -Sinus arrhythmia
When does the sucking/rooting reflex disappear in infants? - ANSWER -4 months
When does the palmar grasp disappear in infants? - ANSWER -3 months
When does the plantar grasp disappear? - ANSWER -8 months
When does the moro relfex disappear and how is it elicited? - ANSWER -Disappears
by 4 months and is elicited by allowing the head and trunk of an infant in a semi-sitting
position to fall backward to an angle of at least 30 degrees.
Infant reflexes that disappear/diminish by 4 months: - ANSWER -1. Sucking/Rooting
2. Moro
3. Startle
4. Tonic Neck (Fencer Position)- 3-4 months
When does the Babinski Reflex disappear/diminish? - ANSWER -1 year
When does the stepping reflex diminish? - ANSWER -4 weeks
How often should bowel sounds be heard in children? - ANSWER -Every 5-30 seconds
The spine of an infant should have what type of curve? - ANSWER -A C-shaped lateral
curve
The glossopharyngeal nerve is responsible for? - ANSWER -Gag reflex
, The hypoglossal nerve is responsible for? - ANSWER -Tongue movement
The vagus nerve is responsible for? - ANSWER -Speech and swallowing
The spinal accessory nerve is responsible for? - ANSWER -Shoulder movment
The acoustic nerve is responsible for? - ANSWER -Hearing
The abducens nerve is responsible for? - ANSWER -Lateral vision
The trochlear nerve is responsible for? - ANSWER -Up and down vision
The oculomotor nerve is responsbile for? - ANSWER -Assessing for nystagmus and
PERRLA, blinking
The optic nerve is responsible for? - ANSWER -Visual acuity and color vision
The olfactory nerve is responsible for? - ANSWER -Smell
What is a common finding in the gait of toddlers and young children that could be
misinterpreted as a problem? - ANSWER -Bowlegged or knock-kneed appearance
Newborn Pulse Rate - ANSWER -80-180/min depending on activity
1 week to 3 months pulse rate: - ANSWER -80-220/min
3 months to 2 years pulse rate: - ANSWER -70-150/min
2-10 years pulse rate: - ANSWER -50-90/min
Newborn to 1 year respirations: - ANSWER -30-35/min
1 to 2 years respirations: - ANSWER -25-30/min
2 to 6 years respirations: - ANSWER -21-25/min
6 to 12 years respirations: - ANSWER -19-21/min
12 years and older respirations: - ANSWER -16-19/min
How many teeth should the infant have by 12 months old? - ANSWER -6-8
When do the first teeth typically erupt in the infant? - ANSWER -6-10 months
What is the average head circumference of an infant? - ANSWER -33-35 cm
What is the average length of an infant? - ANSWER -48-53 cm (19-21 in)
What is the average weight of an infant? - ANSWER -2,700-4,000 g (6-9 lb)
When do the posterior and anterior fontanels close? - ANSWER -Posterior= 6-8 weeks
Anterior= 12-18 months
How much weight per month do infants gain in the first 5 months of life? - ANSWER -
1.5 lb
Birth weight is doubled by the age of? - ANSWER -5 months
Birth weight is tripled by the age of? - ANSWER -12 months
How much do infants grow (length-wise) per month for the first 6 months of life? -
ANSWER -1 inch
Temperature for age 3-6 months: - ANSWER -37.5 C (99.5 F)
Temperature for age 1 year: - ANSWER -37.7 C (99.7 F)
Temperature for age 3 years: - ANSWER -37.2 C (99.0)
Temperature for age 5 years: - ANSWER -37.0 C (98.6)
Temperature for age 7 years: - ANSWER -36.8 (98.2)
Temperature for age 9 and 11 years: - ANSWER -36.7
Temperature for age 13 years: - ANSWER -36.6
When is erect head posture expected in infants? - ANSWER -4 months
When does the posterior fontanel close? - ANSWER -6-8 weeks
When does the anterior fontanel close? - ANSWER -12-18 months
When does permanent eye color manifest in the infant? - ANSWER -6-12 months
Tumbling E or HOTV Test - ANSWER -Used to check visual acuity of children who are
unable to read letters and numbers
, Ishihara Color Test or the Hardy-Rand-Rittler Test - ANSWER -Used to assess color
vision
How should the internal ear be moved for assessment for infants and toddlers? -
ANSWER -Pull the pinna down and back
How should the internal ear be moved for assessment for children older than 3 years of
age? - ANSWER -Pull the pinna up and back
How many teeth should infants have by 1 year? - ANSWER -6-8 teeth
How many deciduous teeth and then permanent teeth do children have? - ANSWER -
28 deciduous teeth; 32 permanent teeth
What lung sounds are commonly heard in the child? - ANSWER -Vesicular, soft
swishing sounds
When listening to heart sounds, what is commonly heard in children that is not heard in
adults and frequently occurs with respirations? - ANSWER -Sinus arrhythmia
When does the sucking/rooting reflex disappear in infants? - ANSWER -4 months
When does the palmar grasp disappear in infants? - ANSWER -3 months
When does the plantar grasp disappear? - ANSWER -8 months
When does the moro relfex disappear and how is it elicited? - ANSWER -Disappears
by 4 months and is elicited by allowing the head and trunk of an infant in a semi-sitting
position to fall backward to an angle of at least 30 degrees.
Infant reflexes that disappear/diminish by 4 months: - ANSWER -1. Sucking/Rooting
2. Moro
3. Startle
4. Tonic Neck (Fencer Position)- 3-4 months
When does the Babinski Reflex disappear/diminish? - ANSWER -1 year
When does the stepping reflex diminish? - ANSWER -4 weeks
How often should bowel sounds be heard in children? - ANSWER -Every 5-30 seconds
The spine of an infant should have what type of curve? - ANSWER -A C-shaped lateral
curve
The glossopharyngeal nerve is responsible for? - ANSWER -Gag reflex
, The hypoglossal nerve is responsible for? - ANSWER -Tongue movement
The vagus nerve is responsible for? - ANSWER -Speech and swallowing
The spinal accessory nerve is responsible for? - ANSWER -Shoulder movment
The acoustic nerve is responsible for? - ANSWER -Hearing
The abducens nerve is responsible for? - ANSWER -Lateral vision
The trochlear nerve is responsible for? - ANSWER -Up and down vision
The oculomotor nerve is responsbile for? - ANSWER -Assessing for nystagmus and
PERRLA, blinking
The optic nerve is responsible for? - ANSWER -Visual acuity and color vision
The olfactory nerve is responsible for? - ANSWER -Smell
What is a common finding in the gait of toddlers and young children that could be
misinterpreted as a problem? - ANSWER -Bowlegged or knock-kneed appearance
Newborn Pulse Rate - ANSWER -80-180/min depending on activity
1 week to 3 months pulse rate: - ANSWER -80-220/min
3 months to 2 years pulse rate: - ANSWER -70-150/min
2-10 years pulse rate: - ANSWER -50-90/min
Newborn to 1 year respirations: - ANSWER -30-35/min
1 to 2 years respirations: - ANSWER -25-30/min
2 to 6 years respirations: - ANSWER -21-25/min
6 to 12 years respirations: - ANSWER -19-21/min
12 years and older respirations: - ANSWER -16-19/min
How many teeth should the infant have by 12 months old? - ANSWER -6-8
When do the first teeth typically erupt in the infant? - ANSWER -6-10 months
