NR567 Final Exam Questions with Answers |latest update 2025

1.Which generation of cephalosporin is the best option to treat an Enterobacter infection? - ANSWER fourth generation 2. Which of the following terms best describes the process by which an antibiotic capable of inhibiting or retarding bacterial growth allows the body's defense mechanisms to respond to the infection? - ANSWER bacteriostatic 3. Which of the following statements best describes the use of gentamicin (Garamycin)? - ANSWER used to treat resistant gram-negative bacterial infections 4. You are managing a patient with a dental abscess who is unable to get into the dentist until next week. The patient is stable for outpatient treatment. This patient also has a penicillin allergy. Which antibiotic should be prescribed? - ANSWER ciprofloxacin (Cipro) 5. Surgical prophylactic treatment should include which of the following principles? - ANSWER the shortest possible course of the most effective and least toxic antibiotic should be ordered, ideally as a single dose 6. tetracyclines may cause which of the following adverse reactions/side effects? - ANSWER hepatic damage in pregnant females 7. the result of gram stain for a patient who underwent surgical debridement for osteomyelitis shows gram-negative bacteria. which antibiotic should be initiated - ANSWER cefepime (maxipime) medication should be given to a patient presenting to the emergency department with altered level of consciousness, seizures, or both, if a concern of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome exists? - ANSWER Thiamine (Vitamin B1) 9. What are three pharmaceutical agents recommended for the treatment of methanol poisoning? - ANSWER - IV ethanol - fomepizole (antizole) - sodium bicarbonate NOT RECOMMENDED: disulfiram (antabuse) 10. what is the preferred antiseizure medication for a generalized seizure disorder in a 25 year old pregnant female? - ANSWER levetiracetam (Keppra) 11. what are considered first line treatments for status epilepticus? - ANSWER lorazepam (ativan) diazepam (valium) fosphenytoin (cerebyx) NOT RECOMMENDED as first line: propofol 12. which of the following statements is NOT true - ANSWER - in patients with hypovolemic states, HF, and other diseases that impair cardiovascular function, normal dose of sedative-hypnotics may cause cardiovascular depression - in patients with pulmonary disease, therapeutic doses of sedative-hypnotics can produce significant respiratory depression ***** sedative hypnotics can be utilized as an anticonvulsant; zolpidem (ambien) and lorazepam (ativan) are excellent options for managing seizures - benzodiazepines exert dose dependent anterograde amnestic effects 13. your patient is taking risperidone (risperdal) but has developed hyperprolactinemia. what drug may help to manage the hyperprolactinemia? - ANSWER bromocriptine (Parlodel) 14. a 35 year old female with long history of anxiety treated with diazepam (Valium) has increasingly become fearful and anxious about COVID and triples her daily dose. She is found extremely lethargic and obtunded 2 days after the increased dosing. What should the NP order to treat her condition - ANSWER Flumazenil (Romazicon) 15. a 25 year old male with a history of bipolar disease presents to the ED with acute agitation characteristics of mania. Non-pharmacologic methods of de-escalation have been attempted without success. Which of the following is NOT recommended to treat this patient? - ANSWER - haloperidol (haldol) - olanzapine (zyprexa) - aripiprazole (abilify) -naltrexone (vivitrol, reVia) ****** 16. what is an example of a long-acting benzodiazepine that is used to treat anxiety? - ANSWER diazepam (valium)