NR565 Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals
Pharmacokinetics - correct answer The process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed within
the body, metabolized, and excreted.
Pharmacodynamics - correct answer The study of what the drug does to the body
Factors Affecting Drug Absorption - correct answer Rate of dissolution
Surface area
Blood flow
Lipid solubility
pH partitioning
Factors Affecting Drug Distribution - correct answer Blood flow to tissues
Ability to exit the vascular system
Blood-brain barrier
Protein-binding capacity
Xenobiotics - correct answer substances that are foreign to the body, usually synthetic chemical
compounds; medications are a common example
Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) - correct answer xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes necessary for
the production of cholesterol and steroids and the detoxification of chemicals and drug
metabolism.
Function of Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) - correct answer responsible for phase 1 metabolism in
which drugs are oxidized, reduced, or hydrolyzed
Phase 1 Metabolism of Drugs via P450 - correct answer Oxidation; Reduction; Hydrolysis
Three possible outcomes of phase 1 drug metabolism. - correct answer -Drug becomes
completely inactive
-Drug becomes partially inactive but one or more metabolites remain active
-Original drug is not pharmacologically active but one metabolite remains active
CYP450 Inducers - correct answer Medications that can increase the rate of another drug's
metabolism by elevating CYP450 enzyme activity via increasing enzyme synthesis. decreasing
the concentration of the "parent drug"
CYP450 Inducer Medications - correct answer CRAPGPS
,NR565 Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals
Carbamazepine
Rifampin
Alcohol
Phenytoin
Griseofulvin
Phenobarbital
Sulfonylureas
CYP450 Inhibitors - correct answer Medications that inhibit the metabolic activity of one or
more of the CYP450 enzymes. Higher risk for toxicity; prolongs the pharmacological effect of
the "parent drug".
CYP450 Inhibitor Medications - correct answer VISACKGQ
Valproate
Isoniazid
Sulfonamides
Amiodarone
Chloramphenicol
Ketoconazole
Grapefruit Juice
Quinidine
Beers Criteria - correct answer -potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) use in older adults
-potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) use in older adults due to medication-disease or
medication-syndrome interactions that may exacerbate the disease or syndrome
-medications to be used cautiously in older adults
-clinically significant drug interactions that should be avoided in older adults
-medications to be avoided or dosage decreased in the presence of impaired kidney function in
older adults
Pharmacokinetic Interactions - correct answer when one medication systemically alters the
potency of another medication.
, NR565 Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals
Absorption Interaction - correct answer result of a change due to one medication's effect on
another medication's route of entry into the body.
Distribution Interaction - correct answer caused by the amount of unbound/free medications
available at the various target sites.
Metabolism Interaction - correct answer concentration of the medication after
biotransformation into active and inactive metabolites in higher or lower than expected.
Elimination Interaction - correct answer the body's ability to eliminate medications in pure
form or by altering a metabolite from the body.
Pharmacodynamic Interactions - correct answer does not alter or impact absorption,
distribution, metabolism, or elimination because of the one medication's ability to manipulate
the effect of another medication at its site of action
Practice Authority - correct answer refers to the nurse practitioner's ability to practice without
physician oversight
prescriptive authority - correct answer refers to the nurse practitioner's authority to prescribe
medications.
Full-practice scope - correct answer Nurse practitioners have the autonomy to evaluate
patients, diagnose, order and interpret tests, initiate and manage treatments and prescribe
medications, including controlled substances without physician oversight.
Reduced-practice scope - correct answer Nurse practitioners are limited in at least one element
of practice. The state requires a formal collaborative agreement with an outside health
discipline for the nurse practitioner to provide patient care.
Restricted practice scope - correct answer Nurse practitioners are limited in at least one
element of practice by requiring supervision, delegation, or team management by an outside
health discipline for the nurse practitioner to provide patient care.
Drugs that cannot be ordered via E-Script - correct answer DEA Scheduled Drugs
Drugs that cannot be prescribed or refilled via phone - correct answer Schedule II drugs
Acute Pain - correct answer An occurrence of fewer than three months and is often
precipitated by trauma and acute medical conditions or treatment.
Types of Acute Pain - correct answer Referred Pain
Acute Somatic Pain
Acute visceral pain
Pharmacokinetics - correct answer The process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed within
the body, metabolized, and excreted.
Pharmacodynamics - correct answer The study of what the drug does to the body
Factors Affecting Drug Absorption - correct answer Rate of dissolution
Surface area
Blood flow
Lipid solubility
pH partitioning
Factors Affecting Drug Distribution - correct answer Blood flow to tissues
Ability to exit the vascular system
Blood-brain barrier
Protein-binding capacity
Xenobiotics - correct answer substances that are foreign to the body, usually synthetic chemical
compounds; medications are a common example
Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) - correct answer xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes necessary for
the production of cholesterol and steroids and the detoxification of chemicals and drug
metabolism.
Function of Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) - correct answer responsible for phase 1 metabolism in
which drugs are oxidized, reduced, or hydrolyzed
Phase 1 Metabolism of Drugs via P450 - correct answer Oxidation; Reduction; Hydrolysis
Three possible outcomes of phase 1 drug metabolism. - correct answer -Drug becomes
completely inactive
-Drug becomes partially inactive but one or more metabolites remain active
-Original drug is not pharmacologically active but one metabolite remains active
CYP450 Inducers - correct answer Medications that can increase the rate of another drug's
metabolism by elevating CYP450 enzyme activity via increasing enzyme synthesis. decreasing
the concentration of the "parent drug"
CYP450 Inducer Medications - correct answer CRAPGPS
,NR565 Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals
Carbamazepine
Rifampin
Alcohol
Phenytoin
Griseofulvin
Phenobarbital
Sulfonylureas
CYP450 Inhibitors - correct answer Medications that inhibit the metabolic activity of one or
more of the CYP450 enzymes. Higher risk for toxicity; prolongs the pharmacological effect of
the "parent drug".
CYP450 Inhibitor Medications - correct answer VISACKGQ
Valproate
Isoniazid
Sulfonamides
Amiodarone
Chloramphenicol
Ketoconazole
Grapefruit Juice
Quinidine
Beers Criteria - correct answer -potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) use in older adults
-potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) use in older adults due to medication-disease or
medication-syndrome interactions that may exacerbate the disease or syndrome
-medications to be used cautiously in older adults
-clinically significant drug interactions that should be avoided in older adults
-medications to be avoided or dosage decreased in the presence of impaired kidney function in
older adults
Pharmacokinetic Interactions - correct answer when one medication systemically alters the
potency of another medication.
, NR565 Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals
Absorption Interaction - correct answer result of a change due to one medication's effect on
another medication's route of entry into the body.
Distribution Interaction - correct answer caused by the amount of unbound/free medications
available at the various target sites.
Metabolism Interaction - correct answer concentration of the medication after
biotransformation into active and inactive metabolites in higher or lower than expected.
Elimination Interaction - correct answer the body's ability to eliminate medications in pure
form or by altering a metabolite from the body.
Pharmacodynamic Interactions - correct answer does not alter or impact absorption,
distribution, metabolism, or elimination because of the one medication's ability to manipulate
the effect of another medication at its site of action
Practice Authority - correct answer refers to the nurse practitioner's ability to practice without
physician oversight
prescriptive authority - correct answer refers to the nurse practitioner's authority to prescribe
medications.
Full-practice scope - correct answer Nurse practitioners have the autonomy to evaluate
patients, diagnose, order and interpret tests, initiate and manage treatments and prescribe
medications, including controlled substances without physician oversight.
Reduced-practice scope - correct answer Nurse practitioners are limited in at least one element
of practice. The state requires a formal collaborative agreement with an outside health
discipline for the nurse practitioner to provide patient care.
Restricted practice scope - correct answer Nurse practitioners are limited in at least one
element of practice by requiring supervision, delegation, or team management by an outside
health discipline for the nurse practitioner to provide patient care.
Drugs that cannot be ordered via E-Script - correct answer DEA Scheduled Drugs
Drugs that cannot be prescribed or refilled via phone - correct answer Schedule II drugs
Acute Pain - correct answer An occurrence of fewer than three months and is often
precipitated by trauma and acute medical conditions or treatment.
Types of Acute Pain - correct answer Referred Pain
Acute Somatic Pain
Acute visceral pain
