CVS202T - Vascular Theory Exam 2 COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS LATEST UPDATED 100%
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS ( ALREADY GRADED A+)(2024-2025)
Kidneys - correct answer - Two bean-shaped organs in the LUMBER region of the ABDOMEN
- Responsible for FILTERING the blood; EXCRETING WASTES in the form of urine
- The ADRENAL GLAND sits on TOP of the kidney and release RENIN which affects BLOOD
PRESSURE, SODIUM & WATER RETENTION
What are the parts of the kidney - correct answer - Renal capsule
- Renal Hilum
- Renal Sinus
- Parenchyma
What's the Renal capsule? - correct answer THIN MEMBRANOUS TISSUE that COVERS the
kidney, PROTECTS against injury
What's the Renal Hilum? - correct answer Area in the kidney where the RENAL ARTERY, VEIN &
URETER either ENTER or EXIT the kidney
What's the Renal Sinus? - correct answer - Cavity formed by the hilum; which contains the
RENAL ARTERY & VEIN, the COLLECTING SYSTEM (urine) & LYMPHATIC SYSTEMS.
- HIGHER FAT CONTENT; appears BRIGHTLY echogenic on ultrasound
What's the Parenchyma of the kidney? - correct answer - Tissue part of the kidney
- Renal cortex
- Renal medulla
Renal cortex - correct answer - Filtering units: Nephrons
- Area where urine is produced
Renal medulla - correct answer - MIDDLE region which acts as a collecting chamber
- Extends into the kidney & FORMS the PYRAMIDS (triangular shaped structures seen in
longitudinal view)
- Pyramids carry urine from the CORTEX into the PELVIS
- SEPARATED by COLUMNS of BERTIN
Renal Pelvis - correct answer - The inner section of the kidney
- Collecting area; FUNNEL like passage for urine to flow into
- MAJOR and MINOR CALYCES (ducts) pass urine from the pyramids into the pelvis
,CVS202T - Vascular Theory Exam 2 COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS LATEST UPDATED 100%
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS ( ALREADY GRADED A+)(2024-2025)
Why is there more Minor than Major calyces? - correct answer - There are more Minor calyces
bc they are COLLECTING DIRECTLY to the Pyramids
- LESS Major calyces bc the Minor calyces going to form the Major calyces
What's the Renal Pelvis composed? - correct answer - SMOOTH muscle
- Major calyces (ducts) 2-3
- Minor calyces 6-8
- Directly in CONTACT with Pyramids
The Right Kidney - correct answer - More INFERIOR in its position, LARGER size of the LIVER
- RIGHT RENAL ARTERY will course downward behind the IVC
- Right renal artery is NORMALLY LONGER than the left
The Left Kidney - correct answer - More SUPERIOR in its position, SMALLER size of the SLEEN
- Left Renal Artery is MORE HORIZONTALLY located
Renal Vessels - correct answer - Arise from the PROXIMAL to MID section of the AORTA just
BELOW the origin of the SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY (SMA)
- Right Renal Artery
- Left Renal Artery
Right Renal Artery - correct answer - Arises at an ANTEROLATERAL location & passes
POSTERIOR to the IVC
- It is the ONLY vessel posterior to the IVC
Left Renal Artery - correct answer - Generally arises from the LATERAL or POSTEROLATERAL
aspect of the aorta
- ANTERIOR to each renal artery runs a corresponding renal vein
- 9% of patients can have a BIFID left renal vein (2 renal veins)
- Accessory renal arteries occur in 12-22% of patient more commonly seen on the LEFT OVER
the RIGHT
How many segments the Renal Arteries is normally divided into? - correct answer - 2-5
SEGMENT ARTERIES
- As the RA enters the kidney; these branches move TOWARDS the renal pyramids, where they
begin to DIVIDE
, CVS202T - Vascular Theory Exam 2 COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS LATEST UPDATED 100%
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS ( ALREADY GRADED A+)(2024-2025)
Renal Arteries originates from? - correct answer Aorta
Which section of the Renal artery will be Proximal? - correct answer Near the aorta
What will be the Distal section of the Renal artery? - correct answer As the Renal artery ENTERS
the Kidney
What branches the Renal arteries divide into? - correct answer INTERLOBAR arteries ⇾
ARCUATE arteries ⇾ INTERLOBULAR arteries ⇾ Arterioles
Interlobar arteries - correct answer - Pass btw. the pyramids.
- These arteries further divide into the ARCUATE arteries
Arcuate arteries - correct answer - ARCHING OVER the pyramids
- These arteries finally become the INTERLOBULAR arteries
Interlobular arteries - correct answer - aka CORTICAL RADIATE arteries
- to the NEPHRONS
- to the ARTERIOLES
What's the physiology of the kidney? - correct answer - Functional units of the kidneys are the
NEPHRONS (filtering units)
- There are over a MILLION microscopic nephrons in each kidney
What are two principle functions of the physiology of the kidney? - correct answer - EXCRETION
of wastes
- REGULATION of COMPOSITION of blood: BALANCE electrolytes, blood PRESSURE, blood
VOLUME
Sonographic appearance of the Kidney Uterers - correct answer Are normally not seen unless
DILATED
Sonography appearance of the Kidney Renal Sinus - correct answer Is HYPERECHOIC & is
composed of CALYCES, the renal pelvis, fat & the major intrarenal vessel
Sonography appearance of the Renal Pelvis - correct answer In the NORMAL kidney, the urinary
collecting system in the renal sinus is NOT visible
Sonography appearance of the Parenchyma - correct answer Is MORE HYPOECHOIC &
homogenous (even greyscale) and is divided into the outermost cortex & the innermost &
slightly LESS ECHOGENIC medullary pyramids surrounds sinus.
Renovascular disease - correct answer - Caused by ATHEROSCLEROSIS causing renal artery
STENOSIS
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS ( ALREADY GRADED A+)(2024-2025)
Kidneys - correct answer - Two bean-shaped organs in the LUMBER region of the ABDOMEN
- Responsible for FILTERING the blood; EXCRETING WASTES in the form of urine
- The ADRENAL GLAND sits on TOP of the kidney and release RENIN which affects BLOOD
PRESSURE, SODIUM & WATER RETENTION
What are the parts of the kidney - correct answer - Renal capsule
- Renal Hilum
- Renal Sinus
- Parenchyma
What's the Renal capsule? - correct answer THIN MEMBRANOUS TISSUE that COVERS the
kidney, PROTECTS against injury
What's the Renal Hilum? - correct answer Area in the kidney where the RENAL ARTERY, VEIN &
URETER either ENTER or EXIT the kidney
What's the Renal Sinus? - correct answer - Cavity formed by the hilum; which contains the
RENAL ARTERY & VEIN, the COLLECTING SYSTEM (urine) & LYMPHATIC SYSTEMS.
- HIGHER FAT CONTENT; appears BRIGHTLY echogenic on ultrasound
What's the Parenchyma of the kidney? - correct answer - Tissue part of the kidney
- Renal cortex
- Renal medulla
Renal cortex - correct answer - Filtering units: Nephrons
- Area where urine is produced
Renal medulla - correct answer - MIDDLE region which acts as a collecting chamber
- Extends into the kidney & FORMS the PYRAMIDS (triangular shaped structures seen in
longitudinal view)
- Pyramids carry urine from the CORTEX into the PELVIS
- SEPARATED by COLUMNS of BERTIN
Renal Pelvis - correct answer - The inner section of the kidney
- Collecting area; FUNNEL like passage for urine to flow into
- MAJOR and MINOR CALYCES (ducts) pass urine from the pyramids into the pelvis
,CVS202T - Vascular Theory Exam 2 COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS LATEST UPDATED 100%
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS ( ALREADY GRADED A+)(2024-2025)
Why is there more Minor than Major calyces? - correct answer - There are more Minor calyces
bc they are COLLECTING DIRECTLY to the Pyramids
- LESS Major calyces bc the Minor calyces going to form the Major calyces
What's the Renal Pelvis composed? - correct answer - SMOOTH muscle
- Major calyces (ducts) 2-3
- Minor calyces 6-8
- Directly in CONTACT with Pyramids
The Right Kidney - correct answer - More INFERIOR in its position, LARGER size of the LIVER
- RIGHT RENAL ARTERY will course downward behind the IVC
- Right renal artery is NORMALLY LONGER than the left
The Left Kidney - correct answer - More SUPERIOR in its position, SMALLER size of the SLEEN
- Left Renal Artery is MORE HORIZONTALLY located
Renal Vessels - correct answer - Arise from the PROXIMAL to MID section of the AORTA just
BELOW the origin of the SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY (SMA)
- Right Renal Artery
- Left Renal Artery
Right Renal Artery - correct answer - Arises at an ANTEROLATERAL location & passes
POSTERIOR to the IVC
- It is the ONLY vessel posterior to the IVC
Left Renal Artery - correct answer - Generally arises from the LATERAL or POSTEROLATERAL
aspect of the aorta
- ANTERIOR to each renal artery runs a corresponding renal vein
- 9% of patients can have a BIFID left renal vein (2 renal veins)
- Accessory renal arteries occur in 12-22% of patient more commonly seen on the LEFT OVER
the RIGHT
How many segments the Renal Arteries is normally divided into? - correct answer - 2-5
SEGMENT ARTERIES
- As the RA enters the kidney; these branches move TOWARDS the renal pyramids, where they
begin to DIVIDE
, CVS202T - Vascular Theory Exam 2 COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS LATEST UPDATED 100%
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS ( ALREADY GRADED A+)(2024-2025)
Renal Arteries originates from? - correct answer Aorta
Which section of the Renal artery will be Proximal? - correct answer Near the aorta
What will be the Distal section of the Renal artery? - correct answer As the Renal artery ENTERS
the Kidney
What branches the Renal arteries divide into? - correct answer INTERLOBAR arteries ⇾
ARCUATE arteries ⇾ INTERLOBULAR arteries ⇾ Arterioles
Interlobar arteries - correct answer - Pass btw. the pyramids.
- These arteries further divide into the ARCUATE arteries
Arcuate arteries - correct answer - ARCHING OVER the pyramids
- These arteries finally become the INTERLOBULAR arteries
Interlobular arteries - correct answer - aka CORTICAL RADIATE arteries
- to the NEPHRONS
- to the ARTERIOLES
What's the physiology of the kidney? - correct answer - Functional units of the kidneys are the
NEPHRONS (filtering units)
- There are over a MILLION microscopic nephrons in each kidney
What are two principle functions of the physiology of the kidney? - correct answer - EXCRETION
of wastes
- REGULATION of COMPOSITION of blood: BALANCE electrolytes, blood PRESSURE, blood
VOLUME
Sonographic appearance of the Kidney Uterers - correct answer Are normally not seen unless
DILATED
Sonography appearance of the Kidney Renal Sinus - correct answer Is HYPERECHOIC & is
composed of CALYCES, the renal pelvis, fat & the major intrarenal vessel
Sonography appearance of the Renal Pelvis - correct answer In the NORMAL kidney, the urinary
collecting system in the renal sinus is NOT visible
Sonography appearance of the Parenchyma - correct answer Is MORE HYPOECHOIC &
homogenous (even greyscale) and is divided into the outermost cortex & the innermost &
slightly LESS ECHOGENIC medullary pyramids surrounds sinus.
Renovascular disease - correct answer - Caused by ATHEROSCLEROSIS causing renal artery
STENOSIS
