412 Exam 3 Test Review Questions And
Complete Verified Answers 2025.
CN II - Answer optic nerve; controls peripheral and central vision, assess by covering one eye, looking
straight and move finger in pts. peripheral feild
CN III - Answer oculomotor nerve; pupillary constriction, assess with penlight
CN IV - Answer trochlear nerve; eye movement down, follow finger
CN VI - Answer abducens; eyes side to side, follow finger
CN VII - Answer acoustic nerve; hearing, assess by whisper or rubbing fingers together
Eye Assessment - Answer Pertinent history
Inspection (red, drainage)
Vision Acuity (Snellen)
Extraocular Movements
Color Vision
Eye Diagnostics - Answer Ophthalmoscopy retina (red reflex and structure of eye)
Tonometry (intraocular pressure)
Corneal Staining (dye in conjuctival sac to see surface)
CT, MRI, Ultrasound (tumor/better visual)
Vision Changes With Aging - Answer sunken, arcus senilis (blue ring around iris), yellow/blue sclera,
flattened cornea, blurred vision, weakened ocular strength, decreased lens elasticity, pupil smaller,
green/blue/violet diminished, dry eyes, risk corneal abrasion
,Presbyopia - Answer -30s/40s (normal)
-lens looses elacticity or hardens and can't focus on close objects
-imaged not focused on retina but behind
-read at a far distance, glasses fix
-yearly eye exams, proper lighting, home safety, saline eye drops, humidity
Cataracts - Answer -cloudy lends, opaque and distort images, lens looses water and increases density
(compression of fibers)
-age, heredity, smoking, diabetes, sunlight, eye injury, corticosteroid use
-s/sx: blurred vision and decreased color perception, weak/absent red reflex (ophthalmoscope)
-surgery: extract lens with phacoemulsification (sound waves) and suction, replace with intraocular lens
to focus light on retina
-eye drops to dilate and prevent movement prior to surgery (atropine), itching, blood shot, mild edema,
creamy white, dry drainage, activity restrictions
-report early pain (pressure/hemorrhage) and yellow/green drainage
Primary open angle glaucoma - Answer Most common, slow onset where aqueous humor outflow
through chamber angle is reduced (both eyes)
-blindness
-s/sx: foggy vision, HA, halos, lose peripheral vision, tonometry, increased IOP, cupping/atrophy optic disc
-interventions: reduce IOP with meds, possible surgery to drain
Closed Angle Glaucoma - Answer Emergency sudden onset with complete obstruction of aqueous
humor d/t forward displacement of iris (unilateral)
-s/sx: severe pain in face, n/v, HA, halos, blurred vision, photophobia, decreased light perception,
reddened sclera, nonreactive pupil, increased IOP, decreased acuity
-interventions: meds and surgery
Macular Degeneration - Answer Deterioration of macula which affects central vision, age related or
exudative
, DRY AGED- blockage of retinal capillaries, no cure, increase dietary antioxidants, Vit B12, and carotenoids
(carrots and green veggies)
WET AGED- growth of new blood vessel, better prognosis, ocular injections and laser therapy
Risks: female, smoking, HTN, hereditary, diet (low carotene and Vit E)
S/sx: blurred and distortion to central vision
Diagnostics: snellen, ophthalmoscopy
Detached Retina - Answer Fluid collects behind retina and causes detachment from endothelium
-emergency caused by trauma, retinal tear, or systemic disease
-painless bright flashes of light or floating dark spots
-ophthalmoscope= grey bulldogs or folds in retina
-interventions: laser photocoagulation, cryotherapy, diathermy (hole or tear), surgical scleral buckling
(total detachment)
-face down or on side after surgery
Other Eye Disorders - Answer Trauma- corneal abrasion, foreign bodies, lacerations, contusions, burns,
head trauma, enucleation (removal of eye)
Infection- conjunctivitis
Cancer
Sequelae to systemic illness (diabetes)
Parts of Ear - Answer Outer ear- sound enters through outer ear and reaches eardrum
Middle ear- vibrations pass from hammer to anvil and stirrup
Inner ear- vibrations in cochlea cause nerve cells to transmit signals to brain
Complete Verified Answers 2025.
CN II - Answer optic nerve; controls peripheral and central vision, assess by covering one eye, looking
straight and move finger in pts. peripheral feild
CN III - Answer oculomotor nerve; pupillary constriction, assess with penlight
CN IV - Answer trochlear nerve; eye movement down, follow finger
CN VI - Answer abducens; eyes side to side, follow finger
CN VII - Answer acoustic nerve; hearing, assess by whisper or rubbing fingers together
Eye Assessment - Answer Pertinent history
Inspection (red, drainage)
Vision Acuity (Snellen)
Extraocular Movements
Color Vision
Eye Diagnostics - Answer Ophthalmoscopy retina (red reflex and structure of eye)
Tonometry (intraocular pressure)
Corneal Staining (dye in conjuctival sac to see surface)
CT, MRI, Ultrasound (tumor/better visual)
Vision Changes With Aging - Answer sunken, arcus senilis (blue ring around iris), yellow/blue sclera,
flattened cornea, blurred vision, weakened ocular strength, decreased lens elasticity, pupil smaller,
green/blue/violet diminished, dry eyes, risk corneal abrasion
,Presbyopia - Answer -30s/40s (normal)
-lens looses elacticity or hardens and can't focus on close objects
-imaged not focused on retina but behind
-read at a far distance, glasses fix
-yearly eye exams, proper lighting, home safety, saline eye drops, humidity
Cataracts - Answer -cloudy lends, opaque and distort images, lens looses water and increases density
(compression of fibers)
-age, heredity, smoking, diabetes, sunlight, eye injury, corticosteroid use
-s/sx: blurred vision and decreased color perception, weak/absent red reflex (ophthalmoscope)
-surgery: extract lens with phacoemulsification (sound waves) and suction, replace with intraocular lens
to focus light on retina
-eye drops to dilate and prevent movement prior to surgery (atropine), itching, blood shot, mild edema,
creamy white, dry drainage, activity restrictions
-report early pain (pressure/hemorrhage) and yellow/green drainage
Primary open angle glaucoma - Answer Most common, slow onset where aqueous humor outflow
through chamber angle is reduced (both eyes)
-blindness
-s/sx: foggy vision, HA, halos, lose peripheral vision, tonometry, increased IOP, cupping/atrophy optic disc
-interventions: reduce IOP with meds, possible surgery to drain
Closed Angle Glaucoma - Answer Emergency sudden onset with complete obstruction of aqueous
humor d/t forward displacement of iris (unilateral)
-s/sx: severe pain in face, n/v, HA, halos, blurred vision, photophobia, decreased light perception,
reddened sclera, nonreactive pupil, increased IOP, decreased acuity
-interventions: meds and surgery
Macular Degeneration - Answer Deterioration of macula which affects central vision, age related or
exudative
, DRY AGED- blockage of retinal capillaries, no cure, increase dietary antioxidants, Vit B12, and carotenoids
(carrots and green veggies)
WET AGED- growth of new blood vessel, better prognosis, ocular injections and laser therapy
Risks: female, smoking, HTN, hereditary, diet (low carotene and Vit E)
S/sx: blurred and distortion to central vision
Diagnostics: snellen, ophthalmoscopy
Detached Retina - Answer Fluid collects behind retina and causes detachment from endothelium
-emergency caused by trauma, retinal tear, or systemic disease
-painless bright flashes of light or floating dark spots
-ophthalmoscope= grey bulldogs or folds in retina
-interventions: laser photocoagulation, cryotherapy, diathermy (hole or tear), surgical scleral buckling
(total detachment)
-face down or on side after surgery
Other Eye Disorders - Answer Trauma- corneal abrasion, foreign bodies, lacerations, contusions, burns,
head trauma, enucleation (removal of eye)
Infection- conjunctivitis
Cancer
Sequelae to systemic illness (diabetes)
Parts of Ear - Answer Outer ear- sound enters through outer ear and reaches eardrum
Middle ear- vibrations pass from hammer to anvil and stirrup
Inner ear- vibrations in cochlea cause nerve cells to transmit signals to brain
