ADVANCED ASSESSMENT: INTERPRETING FINDINGS AND FORMULATING DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES 5th Edition by Goolsby test bank is not a book but rather exam practice questions and answers

Test Bank for Advanced Assessment: Interpreting Findings
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and Formulating Differential Diagnoses, 5th Edition, Mary JoG
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oolsby, Laurie GrubbsChapter 1 - 22 | Complete
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,Chapter 1. Assessment and Clinical Decision-Making: Overview
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Multiple Choice
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Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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ai 1. Which type of clinical decision-making is most reliable?
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A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick

ai 2. Which of the following is false? To obtain adequate history, health-care providers must be:
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A. Methodical and systematic ai ai


B. Attentive to the patient’s verbal and nonverbal language ai ai ai ai ai ai ai


C. Able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses
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D. Adept at reading into the patient’s statements ai ai ai ai ai ai




Essential parts of a health history include all of the following except:
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ai 3. A. Chief complaint ai


B. History of the present illness ai ai ai ai


C. Current vital signs ai ai


D. All of the above are essential history components
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Which of the following is false? While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be
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ai 4. able to: ai


A. Differentiate between normal and abnormal findings ai ai ai ai ai


B. Recall knowledge of a range of conditions and their associated signs and symptoms
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C. Recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other conditions ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai


D. Foresee unpredictable findings ai ai




The following is the least reliable source of information for diagnostic statistics:
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ai 5. A. Evidence-based investigations ai


B. Primary reports of research ai ai ai


C. Estimation based on a provider’s experience ai ai ai ai ai


D. Published meta-analyses ai




The following can be used to assist in sound clinical decision-making:
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ai 6. A. Algorithm published in a peer-reviewed journal article ai ai ai ai ai ai


B. Clinical practice guidelines ai ai


C. Evidence-based research ai


D. All of the above ai ai ai




If a diagnostic study has high sensitivity, this indicates a:
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A. High percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
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ai 7. B. Low percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
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C. Low likelihood of normal result in persons without a given condition
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D. None of the above ai ai ai

,ai 8. If a diagnostic study has high specificity, this indicates a:
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A. Low percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
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B. High percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
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C. High percentage of individuals with a disorder will show a normal result
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D. Low percentage of individuals with a disorder will show an abnormal result
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ai 9. A likelihood ratio above 1 indicates that a diagnostic test showing a:
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A. Positive result is strongly associated with the disease
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B. Negative result is strongly associated with absence of the disease
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C. Positive result is weakly associated with the disease
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D. Negative result is weakly associated with absence of the disease
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ai aiaiai 10. Which of the following clinical reasoning tools is defined as evidence-
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based resource based on mathematical modeling to express the likelihood of a condition in select
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situations, settings, and/orpatients?
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A. Clinical practice guideline ai ai ia


B. Clinical decision rule Clin ai ai ai


C. ical algorithm Clinical rec
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D. ommendation

, Chapter 1. Assessment and Clinical Decision-Making: Overview
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Answer Section
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MULTIPLE CHOICE ai




1. ANS: B a i


Croskerry (2009) describes two major types of clinical diagnostic decision-
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making: intuitive and analytical. Intuitive decision-making (similar to Augenblink decision-
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making) is based on the experience and intuition of the clinician and is less reliable and paired w
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ith fairly common errors. In contrast, analytical decision-
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making is based on careful consideration and has greater reliabilitywith rare errors.
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PTS: 1
2. ANS: D a i


To obtain adequate history, providers must be well organized, attentive to the patient’s verbal and
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nonverbal language, and able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses to questions. Rathe
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r than reading into the patient’s statements, they clarify any areas of uncertainty.
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PTS: 1
3. ANS: C a i


Vital signs are part of the physical examination portion of patient assessment, not part of the healthhis
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tory.

PTS: 1
4. ANS: D a i


While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be able to differentiate betweenn
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ormal and abnormal findings, recall knowledge of a range of conditions, including their associate
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d signs and symptoms, recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other conditions,
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and distinguish the relevance of varied abnormal findings.
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PTS: 1
5. ANS: C a i


Sources for diagnostic statistics include textbooks, primary reports of research, and published
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meta-
analyses. Another source of statistics, the one that has been most widely used and available for
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application to the reasoning process, is the estimation based on a provider’s experience, altho
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ugh these are rarely accurate. Over the past decade, the availability of evidence on which to ba
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se clinical reasoning is improving, and there is an increasing expectation that clinical reasoningb
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e based on scientific evidence. Evidence-
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based statistics are also increasingly being used to develop resources to facilitate clinical decisi
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on-making.

PTS: 1
6. ANS: D a i


To assist in clinical decision-making, a number of evidence-
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based resources have been developedto assist the clinician. Resources, such as algorithms and cli
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nical practice guidelines, assist in clinical reasoning when properly applied.
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