Pharmacology 1 - Straighterline
adverse effect - Answer-general term for undesirable and potentially harmful drug
effect.
agonist - Answer-drug that binds to a receptor and activates a physiologic response
or drug action.
antagonist - Answer-drug that binds to a receptor and interferes with other drugs or
substances from producing a drug effect.
chemical name - Answer-name that defines the chemical composition of a drug.
contraindications - Answer-situations or conditions when a certain drug should not be
administered.
controlled substance - Answer-drug that has the potential for abuse and thus is
regulated by law.
dose - Answer-a measurement of the amount of drug that is administered.
drug - Answer-chemical substance that produces a change in body function.
drug indications - Answer-intended or indicated uses for any drug.
ED50 - Answer-effective dose 50, or dose that will produce an effect that is half of
the maximal response.
generic name - Answer-nonproprietary name of a drug.
LD50 - Answer-lethal dose 50, or dose that will kill 50 percent of the laboratory
animals tested.
mechanism of action - Answer-explanation of how a drug produces its effects.
nonprescription, over-the-counter (OTC) drug - Answer-drug that can be purchased
without the services of a physician.
pharmacology - Answer-study of drugs.
potency - Answer-measure of the strength, or concentration, of a drug required to
produce a specific effect.
prescription drug - Answer-drug for which dispensing requires a written or phone
order that can only be issued by or under the direction of a licensed physician.
receptor - Answer-specific cellular structure that a drug binds to in order to produce a
physiologic effect.
,side effect - Answer-drug effect other than the therapeutic effect that is usually
undesirable but not harmful.
site of action - Answer-location within the body where a drug exerts its therapeutic
effect, often a specific drug receptor.
therapeutic effect - Answer-desired drug effect to alleviate some condition or
symptom of disease.
therapeutic index (TI) - Answer-ratio of the LD50 to the ED50 in animal studies.
toxic effect - Answer-undesirable drug effect that implies drug poisoning; can be very
harmful or life-threatening.
trade name - Answer-patented proprietary name of a drug sold by a specific drug
manufacturer; also referred to as the brand name.
bioavailability - Answer-percentage of the drug dosage that is absorbed.
drug absorption - Answer-entrance of a drug into the bloodstream from its site of
administration.
drug addiction - Answer-condition of drug abuse and drug dependence that is
characterized by compulsive drug behavior.
drug dependence - Answer-condition of reliance on the use of a particular drug,
characterized as physical and/or psychological dependence.
drug distribution - Answer-passage of a drug from the blood to the tissues and
organs of the body.
drug excretion - Answer-elimination of the drug from the body.
drug metabolism - Answer-the enzymatic biotransformation of a drug into
metabolites.
drug microsomal metabolizing system (DMMS) - Answer-group of enzymes located
primarily in the liver that function to metabolize (biotransformation) drugs.
drug tolerance - Answer-decreased drug effect occurring after repeated drug
administration.
enzyme induction - Answer-increase in the amount of drug-metabolizing enzymes
after repeated administration of certain drugs.
enzyme inhibition - Answer-inhibition of drug-metabolizing enzymes by certain drugs.
first-pass metabolism - Answer-drug metabolism that occurs in the intestines and
liver during oral absorption of drugs into the systemic circulation.
, half-life - Answer-time required for the body to reduce the amount of drug in the
plasma by one-half.
individual variation - Answer-difference in the effects of drugs and drug dosages from
one person to another.
intramuscular (IM) injection - Answer-route of drug administration; drug is injected
into gluteal or deltoid muscles.
intravenous (IV) injection - Answer-route of drug administration; drug is injected
directly into a vein.
loading dose - Answer-initial drug dose administered to rapidly achieve therapeutic
drug concentrations.
maintenance dose - Answer-dose administered to maintain drug levels in blood in
the therapeutic range.
oral administration - Answer-route of drug administration by way of the mouth
through swallowing.
parenteral administration - Answer-route of drug administration that does not involve
the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
pharmacokinetics - Answer-describes the processes of drug absorption, drug
distribution, drug metabolism, and drug excretion.
creatinine - Answer-a metabolite of muscle metabolism that is excreted in the urine
in proportion to renal function.
creatinine clearance - Answer-a measure of renal creatinine excretion that is used to
evaluate renal function.
drug compliance - Answer-following drug prescription directions exactly as written.
enterohepatic recycling - Answer-the process whereby drug is eliminated from the
liver/biliary tract into the Gl tract and then reabsorbed from the Gl tract back to the
liver.
geriatrics - Answer-medical specialty that deals with individuals over 65 years of age.
mixed-function oxidase system - Answer-drug microsomal metabolizing enzymes
(DMMS) that decrease with age and slow the rate of drug oxidation and metabolism.
polypharmacy - Answer-the situation in patients whose treatment involves multiple
drug prescriptions.
decimal - Answer-another way to write a fraction when the denominator is 10, 100,
1000, and so on.
adverse effect - Answer-general term for undesirable and potentially harmful drug
effect.
agonist - Answer-drug that binds to a receptor and activates a physiologic response
or drug action.
antagonist - Answer-drug that binds to a receptor and interferes with other drugs or
substances from producing a drug effect.
chemical name - Answer-name that defines the chemical composition of a drug.
contraindications - Answer-situations or conditions when a certain drug should not be
administered.
controlled substance - Answer-drug that has the potential for abuse and thus is
regulated by law.
dose - Answer-a measurement of the amount of drug that is administered.
drug - Answer-chemical substance that produces a change in body function.
drug indications - Answer-intended or indicated uses for any drug.
ED50 - Answer-effective dose 50, or dose that will produce an effect that is half of
the maximal response.
generic name - Answer-nonproprietary name of a drug.
LD50 - Answer-lethal dose 50, or dose that will kill 50 percent of the laboratory
animals tested.
mechanism of action - Answer-explanation of how a drug produces its effects.
nonprescription, over-the-counter (OTC) drug - Answer-drug that can be purchased
without the services of a physician.
pharmacology - Answer-study of drugs.
potency - Answer-measure of the strength, or concentration, of a drug required to
produce a specific effect.
prescription drug - Answer-drug for which dispensing requires a written or phone
order that can only be issued by or under the direction of a licensed physician.
receptor - Answer-specific cellular structure that a drug binds to in order to produce a
physiologic effect.
,side effect - Answer-drug effect other than the therapeutic effect that is usually
undesirable but not harmful.
site of action - Answer-location within the body where a drug exerts its therapeutic
effect, often a specific drug receptor.
therapeutic effect - Answer-desired drug effect to alleviate some condition or
symptom of disease.
therapeutic index (TI) - Answer-ratio of the LD50 to the ED50 in animal studies.
toxic effect - Answer-undesirable drug effect that implies drug poisoning; can be very
harmful or life-threatening.
trade name - Answer-patented proprietary name of a drug sold by a specific drug
manufacturer; also referred to as the brand name.
bioavailability - Answer-percentage of the drug dosage that is absorbed.
drug absorption - Answer-entrance of a drug into the bloodstream from its site of
administration.
drug addiction - Answer-condition of drug abuse and drug dependence that is
characterized by compulsive drug behavior.
drug dependence - Answer-condition of reliance on the use of a particular drug,
characterized as physical and/or psychological dependence.
drug distribution - Answer-passage of a drug from the blood to the tissues and
organs of the body.
drug excretion - Answer-elimination of the drug from the body.
drug metabolism - Answer-the enzymatic biotransformation of a drug into
metabolites.
drug microsomal metabolizing system (DMMS) - Answer-group of enzymes located
primarily in the liver that function to metabolize (biotransformation) drugs.
drug tolerance - Answer-decreased drug effect occurring after repeated drug
administration.
enzyme induction - Answer-increase in the amount of drug-metabolizing enzymes
after repeated administration of certain drugs.
enzyme inhibition - Answer-inhibition of drug-metabolizing enzymes by certain drugs.
first-pass metabolism - Answer-drug metabolism that occurs in the intestines and
liver during oral absorption of drugs into the systemic circulation.
, half-life - Answer-time required for the body to reduce the amount of drug in the
plasma by one-half.
individual variation - Answer-difference in the effects of drugs and drug dosages from
one person to another.
intramuscular (IM) injection - Answer-route of drug administration; drug is injected
into gluteal or deltoid muscles.
intravenous (IV) injection - Answer-route of drug administration; drug is injected
directly into a vein.
loading dose - Answer-initial drug dose administered to rapidly achieve therapeutic
drug concentrations.
maintenance dose - Answer-dose administered to maintain drug levels in blood in
the therapeutic range.
oral administration - Answer-route of drug administration by way of the mouth
through swallowing.
parenteral administration - Answer-route of drug administration that does not involve
the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
pharmacokinetics - Answer-describes the processes of drug absorption, drug
distribution, drug metabolism, and drug excretion.
creatinine - Answer-a metabolite of muscle metabolism that is excreted in the urine
in proportion to renal function.
creatinine clearance - Answer-a measure of renal creatinine excretion that is used to
evaluate renal function.
drug compliance - Answer-following drug prescription directions exactly as written.
enterohepatic recycling - Answer-the process whereby drug is eliminated from the
liver/biliary tract into the Gl tract and then reabsorbed from the Gl tract back to the
liver.
geriatrics - Answer-medical specialty that deals with individuals over 65 years of age.
mixed-function oxidase system - Answer-drug microsomal metabolizing enzymes
(DMMS) that decrease with age and slow the rate of drug oxidation and metabolism.
polypharmacy - Answer-the situation in patients whose treatment involves multiple
drug prescriptions.
decimal - Answer-another way to write a fraction when the denominator is 10, 100,
1000, and so on.
