ANT2100 Exam 3 UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
social organization - CORRECT ANSWER - - rules and structures that govern relations
within a group of interacting people, Societies are divided into social units (groups) within which
are recognized social positions (statuses), with appropriate behavior patterns prescribed for these
positions (roles).
residential groups - CORRECT ANSWER - appear in the archaeological record as
households and villages
nonresidential groups - CORRECT ANSWER - manifested archaeologically through the
use of symbols, ceremonies, mythologies or insignias of membership
political organization - CORRECT ANSWER - - the formal and informal institutions that
regulate a society's collective acts
- control may be at level of residential or nonresidential level
- four broad areas of human social and political behavior: gender, kinship, social status and trade.
gender role - CORRECT ANSWER - - function
- the culturally prescribed behavior associated with men and women; roles can vary from society
to society
- some societies recognize men who live as women or women who live as men as a third gender
gender ideology - CORRECT ANSWER - - status
- the culturally prescribed values assigned to the task and status of men and women; values can
vary from society to society
berdaches - CORRECT ANSWER - - among Plain Indian societies, men who elected to
live life as women; they were recognized by their group as a third gender
,chiefdom - CORRECT ANSWER - - a regional polity in which two or more local groups
are organized under a single chief (who is the head of a ranked social hierarchy, inherits position)
- job specializations, agriculture, trade, fishing
- redistribution of resources by chief
- single religion
- social classes
- 10,000+ population, permanent settlements, communal voluntary projects
- unlike autonomous bands and villages, chiefdoms consist of several more or less permanently
aligned communities or settlements
state - CORRECT ANSWER - - multiple cities and/or city-states
- leadership can be inherited, warfare, elected
- job specialization, agriculture, trade, market, economy
- social and economic classes
- single/multiple religions
- taxes
- draft for military and/or communal projects
androcentric - CORRECT ANSWER - - a perspective that focuses on what men do in
society, to the exclusion of women
- i.e. hunting weaponry assumed to be always male, plant collecting hear always female
cargo system - CORRECT ANSWER - - part of the social organization found in many
Central American communities in which a wealthy responsible married man is selected to direct
the ceremonial system/bear the cost of important religious ceremonies throughout the year
- the wife takes the title of "mother of" the man's named position
- men and women occupy complementary roles during the feasts of the cargo system
, kinship system - CORRECT ANSWER - - kinship refers to the socially recognized
network of relationships through which individuals are related to one another by ties of descent
(real or imagined) and marriage
- a kinship blends biological descent with cultural rules that define some people as close kin and
others as distant kin
- kin groupings condition the nature of relationships between individuals
bilateral kinship - CORRECT ANSWER - - a kinship system in which relatives are traced
equally on both the mother's and father's sides
- standard kinship in North America
- you may be closer to your mother or fathers side due to divorce, geography, or personalities,
but neither side of the family is more important than the other
patrilineal descent - CORRECT ANSWER - - a unilineal descent system in which ancestry
is traced through the male line
- most important group is patrilineage (people to whom you are related through the male line)
- make up about 60% of the world's known societies
- associated with foragers, agricultural and pastoral societies and internal warfare
matrilineal descent - CORRECT ANSWER - - trace their lineage from the mother's family
- rare, only about 10% of the world's societies
- appear to be associated with horticulture, long-distance hunting and warfare with distant
enemies
Matrilineal & Patrilineal Kinship Charts - CORRECT ANSWER - - brown colored circles
(females) and triangles (males) show who belongs to one patrilineage or matrilineal
clan - CORRECT ANSWER - - a group of matri or patrilineages who see themselves as
descended from a (sometimes mythical) common ancestor
- may be clustered into moieties
Questions and CORRECT Answers
social organization - CORRECT ANSWER - - rules and structures that govern relations
within a group of interacting people, Societies are divided into social units (groups) within which
are recognized social positions (statuses), with appropriate behavior patterns prescribed for these
positions (roles).
residential groups - CORRECT ANSWER - appear in the archaeological record as
households and villages
nonresidential groups - CORRECT ANSWER - manifested archaeologically through the
use of symbols, ceremonies, mythologies or insignias of membership
political organization - CORRECT ANSWER - - the formal and informal institutions that
regulate a society's collective acts
- control may be at level of residential or nonresidential level
- four broad areas of human social and political behavior: gender, kinship, social status and trade.
gender role - CORRECT ANSWER - - function
- the culturally prescribed behavior associated with men and women; roles can vary from society
to society
- some societies recognize men who live as women or women who live as men as a third gender
gender ideology - CORRECT ANSWER - - status
- the culturally prescribed values assigned to the task and status of men and women; values can
vary from society to society
berdaches - CORRECT ANSWER - - among Plain Indian societies, men who elected to
live life as women; they were recognized by their group as a third gender
,chiefdom - CORRECT ANSWER - - a regional polity in which two or more local groups
are organized under a single chief (who is the head of a ranked social hierarchy, inherits position)
- job specializations, agriculture, trade, fishing
- redistribution of resources by chief
- single religion
- social classes
- 10,000+ population, permanent settlements, communal voluntary projects
- unlike autonomous bands and villages, chiefdoms consist of several more or less permanently
aligned communities or settlements
state - CORRECT ANSWER - - multiple cities and/or city-states
- leadership can be inherited, warfare, elected
- job specialization, agriculture, trade, market, economy
- social and economic classes
- single/multiple religions
- taxes
- draft for military and/or communal projects
androcentric - CORRECT ANSWER - - a perspective that focuses on what men do in
society, to the exclusion of women
- i.e. hunting weaponry assumed to be always male, plant collecting hear always female
cargo system - CORRECT ANSWER - - part of the social organization found in many
Central American communities in which a wealthy responsible married man is selected to direct
the ceremonial system/bear the cost of important religious ceremonies throughout the year
- the wife takes the title of "mother of" the man's named position
- men and women occupy complementary roles during the feasts of the cargo system
, kinship system - CORRECT ANSWER - - kinship refers to the socially recognized
network of relationships through which individuals are related to one another by ties of descent
(real or imagined) and marriage
- a kinship blends biological descent with cultural rules that define some people as close kin and
others as distant kin
- kin groupings condition the nature of relationships between individuals
bilateral kinship - CORRECT ANSWER - - a kinship system in which relatives are traced
equally on both the mother's and father's sides
- standard kinship in North America
- you may be closer to your mother or fathers side due to divorce, geography, or personalities,
but neither side of the family is more important than the other
patrilineal descent - CORRECT ANSWER - - a unilineal descent system in which ancestry
is traced through the male line
- most important group is patrilineage (people to whom you are related through the male line)
- make up about 60% of the world's known societies
- associated with foragers, agricultural and pastoral societies and internal warfare
matrilineal descent - CORRECT ANSWER - - trace their lineage from the mother's family
- rare, only about 10% of the world's societies
- appear to be associated with horticulture, long-distance hunting and warfare with distant
enemies
Matrilineal & Patrilineal Kinship Charts - CORRECT ANSWER - - brown colored circles
(females) and triangles (males) show who belongs to one patrilineage or matrilineal
clan - CORRECT ANSWER - - a group of matri or patrilineages who see themselves as
descended from a (sometimes mythical) common ancestor
- may be clustered into moieties
