PSYCH 432 FINAL questions
and answers
Attribution Theory - answer theory that attempts to determine the cause of
a behavior.
Fundamental Attribution to Error - answer the tendency to overestimate internal causes of behaviors
and to underestimate external causes of behaviors.
Ultimate Attribution to Error - answer the tendency to ascribe the cause of a
behavior to dispositional characteristics of the group rather than to an individual member.
Stereotype - answer a generalization about a group or its members based upon their categorization
Prejudice - answer a negative judgment about a group or its members based
upon their categorization
Discrimination - answer a negative behavior toward a group or its members based upon their
categorization
Racism - answer discriminatory behavior that is backed by institutional power
Stereotype Threat - answer a fear that one will confirm the negative stereotype of a group to which
one belongs in an area in which the individual excels.
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, 2 Chapter 14: Voting and Apportionment
Illusory Correlation - answer an overestimation of the co-occurrence of two minority
events.
Cognitive Dissonance - answer when two cognitions are in conflict, a person will be motivated to
change one of them to reduce the unsettled feelings caused by the discrepancy.
Ridley's Categorizations of Racism - answer 1. Overt Racism
2. Covert, Intentional Racism
3. Covert, Unintentional Racism
Overt Racism - answer discriminatory behavior in which those in the majority engage in open, hostile
acts of aggression against racial minorities consciously and unapologetically.
Covert, Intentional Racism - answer discriminatory behavior that is intentional but is covered up so that
one can deny his or her racism.
Covert, Unintentional Racism - answer discriminatory behavior that is unintentional but serves to
perpetuate ongoing racist acts or traditions.
Symbolic Racism - answer an issue that does not overtly involve race but is used to promote racism
through issues that are associated with one racial group and not the White majority group, even if this
association is not real or is exaggerated.
Aversive Racism - answer covert, unintentional discriminatory behavior practiced by
individuals who would deny being racist and who would be appalled to realize that they were engaging
in racist acts.
Color Blind Racial Ideology (CBRI) - answer an attempt to pretend that race and racism will not exist if
people ignore race or ethnicity. This ideology has two components: color evasion and power evasion.
Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education, Inc.
and answers
Attribution Theory - answer theory that attempts to determine the cause of
a behavior.
Fundamental Attribution to Error - answer the tendency to overestimate internal causes of behaviors
and to underestimate external causes of behaviors.
Ultimate Attribution to Error - answer the tendency to ascribe the cause of a
behavior to dispositional characteristics of the group rather than to an individual member.
Stereotype - answer a generalization about a group or its members based upon their categorization
Prejudice - answer a negative judgment about a group or its members based
upon their categorization
Discrimination - answer a negative behavior toward a group or its members based upon their
categorization
Racism - answer discriminatory behavior that is backed by institutional power
Stereotype Threat - answer a fear that one will confirm the negative stereotype of a group to which
one belongs in an area in which the individual excels.
Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education, Inc.
, 2 Chapter 14: Voting and Apportionment
Illusory Correlation - answer an overestimation of the co-occurrence of two minority
events.
Cognitive Dissonance - answer when two cognitions are in conflict, a person will be motivated to
change one of them to reduce the unsettled feelings caused by the discrepancy.
Ridley's Categorizations of Racism - answer 1. Overt Racism
2. Covert, Intentional Racism
3. Covert, Unintentional Racism
Overt Racism - answer discriminatory behavior in which those in the majority engage in open, hostile
acts of aggression against racial minorities consciously and unapologetically.
Covert, Intentional Racism - answer discriminatory behavior that is intentional but is covered up so that
one can deny his or her racism.
Covert, Unintentional Racism - answer discriminatory behavior that is unintentional but serves to
perpetuate ongoing racist acts or traditions.
Symbolic Racism - answer an issue that does not overtly involve race but is used to promote racism
through issues that are associated with one racial group and not the White majority group, even if this
association is not real or is exaggerated.
Aversive Racism - answer covert, unintentional discriminatory behavior practiced by
individuals who would deny being racist and who would be appalled to realize that they were engaging
in racist acts.
Color Blind Racial Ideology (CBRI) - answer an attempt to pretend that race and racism will not exist if
people ignore race or ethnicity. This ideology has two components: color evasion and power evasion.
Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education, Inc.
