COGSCI 115 Final UPDATED Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers

COGSCI 115 Final UPDATED Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
[2]
- how many pounds if your brain?
- how many neurons in the brain?
- how many synaptic connections for an average neuron to other neurons?
- what percent of body oxygen and glucose is used by the brain?
- Your brain uses up ten times more energy when you're thinking hard - CORRECT
ANSWER - - 3 lbs
- 86 billion
- 1000 and up to 200,000 Purkinje cells
- 20%
- False


[2] What is the level of organization of the nervous system? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Cells: individual neurons
Tissue: nerves, ganglia
Organ: brain and spinal cord
System: nervous system


[2] soma - CORRECT ANSWER - cell body of a neuron



[2] dendrite - CORRECT ANSWER - branched, treelike extensions attached to the soma
of a neuron; receives information from neurotransmitters released from terminal button


[2] axon - CORRECT ANSWER - extension of a neuron, ending with branching terminal
fibers which send messages to other neurons or muscles or glands

,[2] terminal button - CORRECT ANSWER - bud at the end of a branch of an axon; forms
synapses with other neurons; sends information to those neurons via neurotransmitters


[2] neurotransmitter - CORRECT ANSWER - chemical released by a terminal button; has
an excitatory or inhibitory effect on other neurons


[2] myelin sheath - CORRECT ANSWER - - covers the axon with a layer and prevents
messages from traveling between each sheath
- composed of glial cells (support cells of CNS)
- increases speed of neural impulses (jumps from each node of Ranvier to another)
- decreases amount of energy needed for neural conduction


[2] action potential - CORRECT ANSWER - all or none phenomenon; propagates a firing
from one end of the axon to the other


[2] synapse - CORRECT ANSWER - junction between terminal button of a neuron and
membrane or dendrite of another


[2] synaptic gap - CORRECT ANSWER - area where neurotransmitters are released into
after an action potential makes it to the terminal button, triggering the release of presynaptic
membrane (holding the neurotransmitters)
- released into synaptic cleft


[2] neurotransmitter - CORRECT ANSWER - chemical released to bind to receptor sites;
may cause inhibitory or excitatory effects


[2] reuptake - CORRECT ANSWER - transporters return neurotransmitters to the terminal
button and the postsynaptic effects are stopped (back into cytoplasm)


[2] enzymatic deactivation - CORRECT ANSWER - destruction of a neurotransmitter by
an enzyme after its release (e.g. destruction of acetylcholine by acetylcholinesterase)

, [2] neurogenesis - CORRECT ANSWER - production of new neurons
- stem cells in brain can divide and produce new neurons
- in the hippocampus, olfactory bulb, amygdala, cerebellum
- develops new synaptic connections


[3] Central System System - CORRECT ANSWER - the brain and spinal cord



[3] Peripheral Nervous System - CORRECT ANSWER - the sensory and motor neurons
that connect the central nervous system (CNS) to the rest of the body


[3] sympathetic nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER - - part of the autonomic nervous
system that controls functions that accompany arousal and expenditure of energy
- stimulates increased heart rate, rise in blood sugar level, goosebumps (piloerection)


[3] adrenal medulla - CORRECT ANSWER - portion of adrenal gland that secretes
epinephrine and norepinephrine


[3] parasympathetic nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER - - part of autonomic nervous
system that controls functions that occur during relaxed state
- secretes acetylcholine
- involvement of activities that increase stored energy (salivation, intestinal and gastric motility)


[3] anterior - CORRECT ANSWER - near or at the front



[3] posterior - CORRECT ANSWER - near or at the back



[3] dorsal - CORRECT ANSWER - in direction toward the top of head or back