EXAM PATHO: READINESS
ASSESSMENT-PATHO, 2025/2026
WITH CORRECT/ACCURATE
ANSWERS
What is the most common indication for genetic counseling?
-Maternal Age
-Drug exposure during the first trimester
-Increased maternal alpha-fetoprotein
-History of previous still birth - CORRECT ANSWERS- Maternal Age
An older adult patient is diagnosed with leukemia and has
constitutional symptoms of night sweats, unintentional weight
loss, and fatigue with painless lymphadenopathy. What type of
leukemia does this patient have?
-Acute lymphocytic leukemia
-Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
-Acute myelogenous leukemia
-Chronic myelogenous leukemia - CORRECT ANSWERS- Chronic
lymphocytic leukemia
Feedback: chronic lymphocytic leukemia is the most common
leukemia in older adults caused by proliferation of immature
,lymphocytes. Patients can have variable presentations of night
sweats, unintentional weight loss, fever, and severe fatigue.
Patients typically have painless lymphadenopathy and abnormal
lab analysis with lymphocytosis, although neutropenia, anemia,
and thrombocytopenia can be observed.
Which of the following changes occurs in the RBC indices for
pernicious anemia?
-microcytic, normochromic
-microcytic, hypochromic
-normocytic, normochromic
-macrocytic, normochromic - CORRECT ANSWERS- macrocytic,
normochromic
Feedback: A macrocytic, normochromic anemia resulting from
atrophic gastric mucosa not secreting intrinsic factor is the
definition of pernicious anemia. These indices could also include
folic-acid deficiency.
An older adult who has acute myelogenous leukemia is
undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy treatment and has the
following laboratory reports: elevated serum uric acid, serum
potassium, and serum phosphate and a low serum calcium level.
The WBC count is extremely elevated, and on physical exam,
there is noted lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. What is the
most likely cause?
-DIC
-Leukostasis
,-Pancytopenia
-Tumor lysis syndrome - CORRECT ANSWERS- Tumor lysis
syndrome
An adult patient with pernicious anemia may present with which
signs and symptoms?
-Peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, lethargy, and fatigue
-Hepatomegaly, jaundice, and RUQ pain
-Hypertension, angina, and peripheral edema
-Blurred vision, diplopia, and decreased vibratory sensation -
CORRECT ANSWERS- Peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, lethargy, and
fatigue
Feedback: Vitamin B12 deficiency may result in neurologic signs
and symptoms including peripheral neuropathy, paresthesias,
unsteady gait, loss of proprioception, decreased vibratory
sensation, lethargy and fatigue. In later stage, spasticity,
hyperactive reflexes and the presence of Romberg's sign are
noted because of the formation of a demyelinating lesion of the
neurons of the spinal cord and cerebral cortex and the presence
of a beefy red tongue. These findings are specific to pernicious
anemia and must be assessed in all patient who present with
anemia.
Which of the following three statements are accurate about the
sickle cell trait? (choose 3)
-If an individual has the trait, they do not pass the gene to their
off spring.
, -Acquiring two abnormal sickle genes from both parents leads to
sickle cell disease
-Sickle cell trait is a common genetic mutation of WBCs.
-In areas in which malaria occurs frequently, sickle cell trait offers
some protection against infection caused by malaria parasites.
-Life expectancy is poor with sickle cell trait.
-Sickle cell trait is a heterozygous carrier state and not a disease -
CORRECT ANSWERS- Acquiring two abnormal sickle genes from
both parents leads to sickle cell disease
Feedback: Sickle cell trait is the most common genetic mutation
of the hemoglobin. An individual with sickle cell trait inherits one
mutated gene from the mother or the father, with a non-mutated
gene from the other parent. Sickle cell trait is a heterozygous
carrier state and not a disease. Individuals with sickle cell trait are
often from W. Africa, the Middle East, and the Mediterranean
region, and India. These are areas in which malaria occurs
frequently, and sickle cell trait offers some protection against
malaria. Carrier states increases the risk of having an offspring
with sickle cell trait, and if the partner also has sickle cell trait,
then sickle cell disease is possible. The life expectancy of persons
with sickle cell trait is similar to that of the general population.
In areas in which malaria occurs frequently, sickle cell trait offers
some protection against infection caused by malaria parasites.
Feedback: Sickle cell trait is the most common genetic mutation
of the hemoglobin. An individual with sickle cell trait inherits one
mutated gene from the mother or the father, with a non-mutated
ASSESSMENT-PATHO, 2025/2026
WITH CORRECT/ACCURATE
ANSWERS
What is the most common indication for genetic counseling?
-Maternal Age
-Drug exposure during the first trimester
-Increased maternal alpha-fetoprotein
-History of previous still birth - CORRECT ANSWERS- Maternal Age
An older adult patient is diagnosed with leukemia and has
constitutional symptoms of night sweats, unintentional weight
loss, and fatigue with painless lymphadenopathy. What type of
leukemia does this patient have?
-Acute lymphocytic leukemia
-Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
-Acute myelogenous leukemia
-Chronic myelogenous leukemia - CORRECT ANSWERS- Chronic
lymphocytic leukemia
Feedback: chronic lymphocytic leukemia is the most common
leukemia in older adults caused by proliferation of immature
,lymphocytes. Patients can have variable presentations of night
sweats, unintentional weight loss, fever, and severe fatigue.
Patients typically have painless lymphadenopathy and abnormal
lab analysis with lymphocytosis, although neutropenia, anemia,
and thrombocytopenia can be observed.
Which of the following changes occurs in the RBC indices for
pernicious anemia?
-microcytic, normochromic
-microcytic, hypochromic
-normocytic, normochromic
-macrocytic, normochromic - CORRECT ANSWERS- macrocytic,
normochromic
Feedback: A macrocytic, normochromic anemia resulting from
atrophic gastric mucosa not secreting intrinsic factor is the
definition of pernicious anemia. These indices could also include
folic-acid deficiency.
An older adult who has acute myelogenous leukemia is
undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy treatment and has the
following laboratory reports: elevated serum uric acid, serum
potassium, and serum phosphate and a low serum calcium level.
The WBC count is extremely elevated, and on physical exam,
there is noted lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. What is the
most likely cause?
-DIC
-Leukostasis
,-Pancytopenia
-Tumor lysis syndrome - CORRECT ANSWERS- Tumor lysis
syndrome
An adult patient with pernicious anemia may present with which
signs and symptoms?
-Peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, lethargy, and fatigue
-Hepatomegaly, jaundice, and RUQ pain
-Hypertension, angina, and peripheral edema
-Blurred vision, diplopia, and decreased vibratory sensation -
CORRECT ANSWERS- Peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, lethargy, and
fatigue
Feedback: Vitamin B12 deficiency may result in neurologic signs
and symptoms including peripheral neuropathy, paresthesias,
unsteady gait, loss of proprioception, decreased vibratory
sensation, lethargy and fatigue. In later stage, spasticity,
hyperactive reflexes and the presence of Romberg's sign are
noted because of the formation of a demyelinating lesion of the
neurons of the spinal cord and cerebral cortex and the presence
of a beefy red tongue. These findings are specific to pernicious
anemia and must be assessed in all patient who present with
anemia.
Which of the following three statements are accurate about the
sickle cell trait? (choose 3)
-If an individual has the trait, they do not pass the gene to their
off spring.
, -Acquiring two abnormal sickle genes from both parents leads to
sickle cell disease
-Sickle cell trait is a common genetic mutation of WBCs.
-In areas in which malaria occurs frequently, sickle cell trait offers
some protection against infection caused by malaria parasites.
-Life expectancy is poor with sickle cell trait.
-Sickle cell trait is a heterozygous carrier state and not a disease -
CORRECT ANSWERS- Acquiring two abnormal sickle genes from
both parents leads to sickle cell disease
Feedback: Sickle cell trait is the most common genetic mutation
of the hemoglobin. An individual with sickle cell trait inherits one
mutated gene from the mother or the father, with a non-mutated
gene from the other parent. Sickle cell trait is a heterozygous
carrier state and not a disease. Individuals with sickle cell trait are
often from W. Africa, the Middle East, and the Mediterranean
region, and India. These are areas in which malaria occurs
frequently, and sickle cell trait offers some protection against
malaria. Carrier states increases the risk of having an offspring
with sickle cell trait, and if the partner also has sickle cell trait,
then sickle cell disease is possible. The life expectancy of persons
with sickle cell trait is similar to that of the general population.
In areas in which malaria occurs frequently, sickle cell trait offers
some protection against infection caused by malaria parasites.
Feedback: Sickle cell trait is the most common genetic mutation
of the hemoglobin. An individual with sickle cell trait inherits one
mutated gene from the mother or the father, with a non-mutated
