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LPN Fundamentals Nutrition
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1. Anabolism The process of protein metabolism in which the building of body tissue occurs
2. Atherosclerotic A disorder characterized by yellowish plaques of cholesterol, other lipids, and
Cardiovascular cellular debris in the inner layers of the arteries of the heart
Disease
3. Carbohydrate Organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The major
function of carbohydrates in the body is to provide energy
4. Catabolism The process of protein metabolism in which lean body tissue is broken down
5. Cholesterol A lipid that is a component of all cell membranes and is also a major part of brain
and nerve tissue. It is found only in foods of animal origin
6. Compound A substance composed of two or more elements or parts
7. Dietary Fiber A generic name for the portion of plants that cannot be digested by human
enzymes
8. Element A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical
means
9. Essential Amino An organic compound that is not synthesized in the body and is essential for
Acid protein synthesis in adults and growth in infants and children
10. Essential Fatty Polyunsaturated acids essential in the body for proper growth, maintenance, and
Acid functioning of the body
11. Essential Nutri- Substances that must be supplies by food because most are not synthesized by
ent the body in quantities required for normal health. The six essential nutrients are
carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water
12. Fat A substance composed of lipids or fatty acids occurring in various forms or
consistencies ranging from oil to tallow
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13. Glycogen The body's storage form of carbohydrate
14. Kilocalorie A measurement of the amount of energy provided in the nutrients we consume
15. Lipoprotein The principle means by which lipids are transported in the blood
16. Macronutrient Any of the nutritional components of the diet required in relatively large amounts.
They provide energy, and consist of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and water
17. Micronutrient Vitamins and minerals that are also essential to normal body function, but are
needed in much smaller amounts. They regulate body processes
18. Mineral Inorganic compounds that are needed for normal body function and maintenance
of health
19. Nonessential These amino acids are not essential to the diet because the body can synthesize
amino acids their molecules from other amino acids
20. Nutrient A source of nourishment, especially a nourishing ingredient in a food
21. Protein A complex organic compound that contains amino acids. Contains carbon, hydro-
gen, and oxygen. Necessary for tissue growth and are a source of energy when
there are insufficient carbs and fats in the diet
22. Starch The form of carbohydrates stored in plants
23. Tallow The fatty tissue or suet of animals
24. Vitamin These are organic food substances that are vital for growth, maintenance, and the
functioning of body processes
25. 45-65% Current recommendations suggest that _ of total daily calories should come from
carbohydrates
26. Saccharides Carbohydrates are made up of molecules called
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27. Simple _ carbohydrates include glucose, fructose, galactose, sucrose, lactose, and mal-
tose. Often considered "empty calorie" foods since they contain few other nutri-
ents
28. Polysaccharides _, or complex carbohydrates, are made up of long chains of saccharides. Consist
of starch, glycogen, and dietary fiber
29. Water soluble Binds with bile acids and cholesterol in the digestive tract and prevents their ab-
fiber sorption, lowers blood cholesterol, delays glucose absorption, and delays gastric
emptying, which provides a feeling of fullness
30. Water insoluble Helps relieve constipation and reduces the risk of gastrointestinal disorders such
fiber as diverticulus and hemorrhoids by softening stools, speeding the passage of
foods through the digestive tract, and relieving pressure in the colon
31. 25-38 grams Current recommendations for fiber intake are between _ per day
32. Small intestine The digestion of carbohydrates takes place largely in the
33. Glucose, fruc- The end products of carbohydrate digestion are
tose, and galac-
tose
34. Glucose In the liver, fructose and galactose are converted _, which is the only form of sugar
the body can use directly for energy
35. Glycogen The glucose that is not used for immediate energy is stored in the liver and muscle
cells as
36. Fat Any glucose that remains after the body's energy and glycogen needs are met is
converted to _ and stored
37. Fat
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1. Anabolism The process of protein metabolism in which the building of body tissue occurs
2. Atherosclerotic A disorder characterized by yellowish plaques of cholesterol, other lipids, and
Cardiovascular cellular debris in the inner layers of the arteries of the heart
Disease
3. Carbohydrate Organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The major
function of carbohydrates in the body is to provide energy
4. Catabolism The process of protein metabolism in which lean body tissue is broken down
5. Cholesterol A lipid that is a component of all cell membranes and is also a major part of brain
and nerve tissue. It is found only in foods of animal origin
6. Compound A substance composed of two or more elements or parts
7. Dietary Fiber A generic name for the portion of plants that cannot be digested by human
enzymes
8. Element A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical
means
9. Essential Amino An organic compound that is not synthesized in the body and is essential for
Acid protein synthesis in adults and growth in infants and children
10. Essential Fatty Polyunsaturated acids essential in the body for proper growth, maintenance, and
Acid functioning of the body
11. Essential Nutri- Substances that must be supplies by food because most are not synthesized by
ent the body in quantities required for normal health. The six essential nutrients are
carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water
12. Fat A substance composed of lipids or fatty acids occurring in various forms or
consistencies ranging from oil to tallow
1/9
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13. Glycogen The body's storage form of carbohydrate
14. Kilocalorie A measurement of the amount of energy provided in the nutrients we consume
15. Lipoprotein The principle means by which lipids are transported in the blood
16. Macronutrient Any of the nutritional components of the diet required in relatively large amounts.
They provide energy, and consist of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and water
17. Micronutrient Vitamins and minerals that are also essential to normal body function, but are
needed in much smaller amounts. They regulate body processes
18. Mineral Inorganic compounds that are needed for normal body function and maintenance
of health
19. Nonessential These amino acids are not essential to the diet because the body can synthesize
amino acids their molecules from other amino acids
20. Nutrient A source of nourishment, especially a nourishing ingredient in a food
21. Protein A complex organic compound that contains amino acids. Contains carbon, hydro-
gen, and oxygen. Necessary for tissue growth and are a source of energy when
there are insufficient carbs and fats in the diet
22. Starch The form of carbohydrates stored in plants
23. Tallow The fatty tissue or suet of animals
24. Vitamin These are organic food substances that are vital for growth, maintenance, and the
functioning of body processes
25. 45-65% Current recommendations suggest that _ of total daily calories should come from
carbohydrates
26. Saccharides Carbohydrates are made up of molecules called
2/9
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27. Simple _ carbohydrates include glucose, fructose, galactose, sucrose, lactose, and mal-
tose. Often considered "empty calorie" foods since they contain few other nutri-
ents
28. Polysaccharides _, or complex carbohydrates, are made up of long chains of saccharides. Consist
of starch, glycogen, and dietary fiber
29. Water soluble Binds with bile acids and cholesterol in the digestive tract and prevents their ab-
fiber sorption, lowers blood cholesterol, delays glucose absorption, and delays gastric
emptying, which provides a feeling of fullness
30. Water insoluble Helps relieve constipation and reduces the risk of gastrointestinal disorders such
fiber as diverticulus and hemorrhoids by softening stools, speeding the passage of
foods through the digestive tract, and relieving pressure in the colon
31. 25-38 grams Current recommendations for fiber intake are between _ per day
32. Small intestine The digestion of carbohydrates takes place largely in the
33. Glucose, fruc- The end products of carbohydrate digestion are
tose, and galac-
tose
34. Glucose In the liver, fructose and galactose are converted _, which is the only form of sugar
the body can use directly for energy
35. Glycogen The glucose that is not used for immediate energy is stored in the liver and muscle
cells as
36. Fat Any glucose that remains after the body's energy and glycogen needs are met is
converted to _ and stored
37. Fat
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