laboratory management

laboratory management Leadership Qualities exhibited by individuals influencing behavior of others to accomplish goals. Motivation The psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal. Blake-Moulton theory Theory based on a managerial grid of the 5 types of leadership styles with regard to concern for production or people, and desire to complete tasks. Managers that fall into the center of the grid are deemed middle-road managers with interest in both production and employees equally. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory that motivation is based on physical needs and that basic needs must be meet prior to higher needs and that growth occurs as needs are met. Herzberg's Motivator-Hygiene theory A two-factor theory that assumes there are two independent factors that influence job satisfaction and dissatisfaction. Also theorizes that basic need fulfillment does not serve to further growth. McGregor's theories X and Y Theory that managers assess employees based on two types; lazy and in need of authority so management is dictatorship whereas the other is highly motivated and self-disciplined and management relies on employee strengths. Management by Objectives (MBO) This management theory is based on agreed upon objectives and evaluation based on these objectives which is useful in ensuring compliance. Total Quality Management (TQM) Theory that a combination of all components are involved in management; customer, producer, supplier and that participative management (teamwork) is essential. Often results in increased employee participation and teamwork efforts. Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) Theory where there is continuous review of system and outcomes and changes are made as outcomes occur. Typically results in more open communication between employees and management. Tannenbaum and Schmidt theory (Continuum of Leadership) More of a motivational theory than a management theory in which the management begins as autocratic then transitions into more democratic as the employee becomes more independent. Hershey-Blanchard theory Theory based on the maturity of the employee and how self-sufficient they are. Begins as a training situation, then progresses into a more hands-off approach as the employee needs less direction. Fielder theory This theory of management is considered a troubleshooting method in which the manager recognizes the problem, analyzes the situation and proposes a strategy and solution Understanding interactions with employees and customers as well as flexibility with time and people What are traits that determine successful leadership? Profession A vocation requiring knowledge of some department of learning or body of persons engaged in an occupation. Professional A person who engages in an activity with great competence Professionalism The methods, character, status, etc of a professional for gain or livelihood Paraphrasing and asking questions What are two methods to enhance listening? 45% listening 50% of that understood What percentage of the time is spent listening and understanding conversation? Intrapersonal communication Communication with one's self only and involves daydreaming, language or thoughts internal to the communicator. Interpersonal communication Communication involving exchanges with others, and can be a means of conflict resolution. Verbal, nonverbal and paraverbal What are the three methods of communication? Paraverbal What is the method of communication that involves the tone or pitch of your voice? Five types & purposes of communication Informative -sharing info of knowledge Affective - expression of feeling & self concept Imaginative - creation or sharing of inventions Persuasive - attempt to influence Ritualistic -meeting social expectations 7 barriers to communication *Nonverbal -negative body language *Verbal -unfamiliar or slang language *Paraverbal -speaking too loud or fast *Environmental -too cold, hot, improper dress, smells, etc. *Overcommunication -too much info *Undercommunication -not enough info *Inappropriate timing - person too busy 4 styles of communication *Concrete sequential -focused, methodical *Abstract sequential -learns from ideas, creates theoretical models, more concerned with ideas than people *Concrete random -learns from trial & error, relies on experience, risk taker, quick decision maker *Abstract random -learns from free form ideas, intuitive thinker, balks at structure Process that drives change *Evaluation of environment *Recognition of need for change *Plan for change *Implementation *Evaluation of change ASCLS (American Society for Clinical Science) This organization is the body of knowledge that defines the scope of practice in the clinical lab, and the code of ethics which sets the standards for excellence. ASCP BOC (American Society for Clinical Pathology) Organization established in 2009 with the merger of NCA and ASCP BOR which designates professionals as Medical Laboratory Scientist (MLS). Promotes the profession and professionalism. CLMA (Clinical Laboratory Management Association) An organization that is part of the ASCP BOC that provides leadership in the laboratory industry through education and advocacy. HHS OHG (Health & Human Services Office of the Inspector General) Organization that reduces fraud and abuse by using a model compliance plan. CMS (Centers for Medicare and Medicaid) Regulates lab testing through CLIA CDC (Center for Disease Control) Organization that monitors infectious disease and occurrences of specific diseases. FDA (Food and Drug Administration) Organization that approves new drugs, methods and reviews experimental data. DOT (Department of Transportation) Organization that regulates transportation of human specimens and hazardous materials (reagents) by rail, highway, air and water. OSHA (Occupational Safety & Health Administration) Organization that provides safety training mandates for hazardous communication (dissemination of information), blood-borne pathogens, and hazardous chemicals. CLSI (Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute) Formerly known as NCCLS), this is a voluntary organization that promotes consensus guidelines and standards as well as guidelines for writing procedures. TJC (The Joint Commission) U.S. based not for profit organization that accredits over 19,000 healthcare organizations. Accreditation is a condition for medicaid reimbursement. CAP (College of American Pathologists) Comprised of 15,000 physicians and laboratorians, which provides laboratory improvement programs and competency assessments. There are two levels of citations: low-plan to correct and high-must be corrected within 30 days. AABB (American Association of Blood Banks) Accredits the blood banks and often provides inspections along with CAP as deficiencies are handled in the sme manner. NACCLS (National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences) Organization that accredits organizational programs for the laboratory, sets minimum standards that must be met by the laboratory programs for phlebotomy, CLS, CLT, histologist, pathology assistant and diagnostic molecular scientist and other peer programs. COLA (Clinical Laboratory Accreditation and Education) Organization that accredits laboratories similar to CAP and recognized by TJC and helps the laboratory to maintain compliance with CLIA. Lab can be both COLA and CAP accredited, but many physician office labs utilize COLA for accreditation. SAMHSA (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration) Organization in coordination with HHS, sets the standards for laboratories participating in workplace drug testing . CLIA '88 Act that governs interstate commerce and provides a series of laws that governs all laboratories performing testing and minimum requirements for operation (QA, QC, prof testing, record retention, job categories, etc) State Health Departments This organization conducts CLIA 88 surveys awarding 5 types of certificates. HIPAA Act in place to ensure the protection of patient confidentiality, governs the electronic transfer of information, and dictates that employees can only access information on a need to know basis. HITECH This is the enforcement arm for HIPAA Balanced Budget Act of 1997 This act impacted government healthcare reimbursement rates. Job description purpose This serves as a baseline for tasks, defines interactions with others, and describes the integration of the position Job description components These are components are of what? Job title position summary essential functions authority level working conditions