Exam Bank for Applied Behavior Analysis- Questions Solved 100%

Exam Bank for Applied Behavior Analysis- Questions Solved 100% Active desensitization - Answers The process of training an animal to become comfortable to new stimuli using reinforcement. Animal care - Answers Providing and maintaining the overall physical health and mental well-being of the animals under our care. Antecedent - Answers Environmental conditions or stimulus changes that exist or occur prior to the behavior of interest Antecedent Control Procedure - Answers An action to modify the environmental events that occur before a behavior in order to affect the probability of it being performed Antecedent Stimulus - Answers A stimulus that precedes or accompanies a behavior and may exert discriminative control over that behavior. A stimulus that precedes or accompanies a behavior and may exert discriminative control over that behavior. Antecedents - Answers Environmental events that occur before a behavior Appeasment - Answers Also called submissive behaviors or deference behaviors, these are behaviors other than flight escape behaviors that tend to minimize the likelihood of aggressive escalation in an encounter. Appetitive stimulus - Answers Usually, a positive reinforcer, especially one the effectiveness of which lit is modifiable by deprivation. Applied Behavior Analysis - Answers The science in which tactics or methods derived from the principals of behavior are applied to improve socially significant behavior, and experimentation is used to identify the variables responsible for the behavior change Appraisal - Answers Evaluation of events that cause specific reactions Approximation - Answers Approximation means any behavior that resembles the desired behavior. Attitude - Answers Emotions often based on appraisal, which predispose an animal to respond in a particular way to objects, other animals, and events. Automatic reinforcement - Answers A behavior-reinforcement relation that occurs without the presentation of consequences by other people Aversive Control - Answers The use of unpleasant stimuli to change undesirable behavior. Aversive Stimulus - Answers The kind of stimulus we commonly call unpleasant or painful. Technically, any stimulus whose presentation decreases the probability of responding or whose removal is reinforcing. Sometimes called punisher or negative reinforcer. Avoidance Behavior - Answers Behavior which postpones an aversive event and thus provides escape from conditioned aversive stimuli. Avoidance Conditioning - Answers Associating the desired response with the cancellation or postponement of the presentation of an aversive stimulus, in response to a warning that the aversive stimulus will be presented Avoidance contingency - Answers A contingency in which responding delays or prevents the presentation of a stimulus Backward Chaining - Answers The establishment of the final link in a stimulus-response chain, with the addition of successive links until the first link is acquired. Baseline - Answers Repeated measures of the strength or level (e.g., frequency, intensity, rate, duration, or latency) of behavior before an experimental variable (treatment, intervention, or procedure) is introduced Behavior - Answers The activity of living organisms Behavior Change - Answers Refers to any transformation or modification of behavior Behavior Modification - Answers Interventions that are designed to change behavior in a precisely measurable manner. Behavior Science - Answers A branch of science with a focus on animal behavior as an adaptation for functioning and interacting with their environment. Behavioral - Answers Studying and precisely measuring physical events rather than perceptions or descriptions of events Behaviorism - Answers The scientific philosophy of behavior analysis. Biological Preparedness - Answers The evolutionary history and biological status of an organism contribute to it's ability to perform specific-behaviors. Blocking - Answers An attenuation of respondent conditioning with one stimulus because of prior conditioning with another. Bootleg Reinforcement - Answers Reinforcement that is not part of, and tends to undermine, an intervention. Bridge - Answers A marker signal that connects the behavior to the reinforcement. Capturing - Answers Reinforcing a behavior when it occurs without contrived trainer prompting or cueing. Chain - Answers Two or more performances linked by common stimuli. One performance produces the conditions which make the next possible. Charging the bridge - Answers Creating a secondary reinforcer by respondent conditioning for use in training. Classical Conditioning - Answers Respondent conditioning; association of a neutral stimulus with an involuntary response. Coercion - Answers Inducing a behavioral change toward an objective not wanted by the client through the use of threats, severely punitive contingencies, or disproportionately powerful incentives. Cognitive learning - Answers Learning as changes in the mental structures and processes involved in acquiring, organizing, and using knowledge Concurrent schedule - Answers Two or more contingencies operate independently and simultaneously, for two or more behaviors Conditional - Answers conditional upon learning or dependent upon conditions. conditioned - Answers Conditional synonym Conditioned Aversive Stimulus - Answers A stimulus that initially has no aversive properties but acquires them as a result of repeatedly accompanying or occurring just prior to (1) the withdrawal or absence of reinforcers or (2) the delivery of unconditioned or other conditioned aversive stimuli. Conditioned Emotional Response - Answers Form of conditioned response whereby respondent emotional arousal such as are elicited by a conditioned stimulus in respondent conditioning. conditioned inhibition - Answers A stimulus that initially has no aversive properties but acquires them as a result of repeatedly accompanying or occurring just prior to (1) the withdrawal or absence of reinforcers or (2) the delivery of unconditioned or other conditioned aversive stimuli. Conditioned punisher - Answers A stimulus that functions as a punisher as a result of conditioning history Conditioned reinforcer - Answers A previously neutral stimulus change that has acquired the capability to function as a reinforce through stimulus-stimulus pairing with one or more unconditioned reinforcers, or conditioned reinforcers Conditioned stimulus - Answers A stimulus that produces a behavioral response as a result of conditioning history. Conditioning - Answers The pairing of stimuli to result in learning Consequence - Answers A stimulus change that follows a behavior of interest Contiguity - Answers Bordering or being in direct contact with something Contingency - Answers A relation that exists stating the behavior must be exhibited for a consequence to occur Contingency Analysis - Answers A study of the relation between a behavior and its antecedents and/or consequences. Contingency Statement - Answers The concise statement of the relationship between a behavior and its antecedents and/or consequences. Continuous reinforcement - Answers A schedule that provides reinforcement for each occurrence of behavior. Contrast - Answers The enhancement or diminishment, relative to normal, of a perception and related performance as a result of immediately previous or simultaneous exposure to a stimulus of lesser or greater value in the same dimension. Controlled break - Answers Immediately following the delivery of a primary reinforcement, the trainer removes himself and reinforcements from the animal's environment. Counterconditioning - Answers The use of Pavlovian conditioning to undo the adverse effects of earlier conditioning. Countercontrol - Answers The action taken by an individual in response to often powerful or perhaps troublesome control by another. Criteria - Answers A standard by which something can be judged. Criterion - Answers The standard used to indicate when a behavioral goal has been reached; or the specification of an acceptable level of performance that a person is to achieve. Cue - Answers A stimulus which sets the occasion for a particular response. The technical term for cue is discriminative stimulus (Sd or S^) Delay Procedure - Answers Respondent conditioning in which the CS is presented for some fixed, extended time period (in most usages, no less than 5 seconds) before the US is presented. Deprivation - Answers An establishing operation, the reduction in the availability of a reinforcer, that increases the effectiveness of the reinforcer. Desensitization - Answers To extinguish an emotional response to stimuli that formerly induced it. Determinism - Answers The assumption that the universe is a lawful and orderly place in which phenomenon occur in relation to other events and not willy-nilly, or in accidental fashion