NR226 FUNDAMENTALS II FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
What is a major surgery? - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-involves extensive reconstruction or alteration in body
parts; poses great risks to well-being. (coronary artery bypass, colon resection, removal of larynx,
resection of lung lobe)
What is a minor surgery? - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-involves minimal alteration in body parts; designed to
correct deformities; involves minimal risks to well-being. (cataract extraction, facial plastic surgery,
tooth extraction)
What is an elective surgery? - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-performed on basis of patient's choice; is not
essential and not always necessary for health (bunionectomy, facial plastic surgery, hernia repair, breast
reconstruction)
What is an urgent surgery? - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-Necessary for patient's health; often prevents
development of additional problems; not necessarily an emergency (excision of cancerous tumor,
removal of gallbladder, vascular repair of obstructed artery)
What is an emergency surgery? - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-Must be done immediately to save life or
preserve function of body part (repair of perforated appendix or traumatic amputation; control of
internal hemorrhaging)
What is a diagnostic surgery? - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-Surgical exploration performed to confirm
diagnosis; often involves removal of tissue for further diagnostic testing (breast mass biopsy, exploratory
laparotomy)
What is an ablative surgery? - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-Excision or removal of diseased body part
(amputation, removal of appendix or gallbladder
What is palliative surgery? - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-Relieves or reduces intensity of disease symptoms;
does not produce cure (colostomy, debridement pf necrotic tissue, resection of nerve roots)
, What is reconstructive/restorative surgery? - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-Restores function or appearance to
traumatized or malfunctioning tissues (internal fixation of fractures; scar revision)
What is a procurement for transplant? - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-Removal of organs and/or tissues from a
person pronounces brain dead or from living donors for transplantation into another person (kidney,
heart, or liver transplant)
What is constructive surgery? - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-Restores function lost or reduced as a result of
congenital anomalies (repair of cleft palate; closure of trial septal defect in heart)
What is cosmetic surgery? - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-Performed to improve personal appearance
(blepharoplasty for eyelid deformities, rhinoplasty to reshape nose)
ASA I - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-A normal healthy patient; no biological, physiological, organic
disturbance; healthy, nonsmoking; no or minimal alcohol use
ASA II - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-A patient with mild systemic disease: Mild diseases only without
substantive functional limitations. Examples include (but not limited to): current smoker, social alcohol
drinker, pregnancy, obesity, well-controlled DM/HTN, mild lung disease
ASA III - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-A patient with severe systemic disease; substantive functional changes
with one or more moderate-to-severe diseases (poorly controlled DM or HTN, COPD, morbid obesity,
alcohol abuse, active hepatitis)
ASA IV - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-A patient with a a severe systemic disease that is a constant threat to life
(Recent (less than 3 months) MI, CVA, TIA, ongoing cardiac ischemia, sepsis, end stage renal disease not
undergoing regularly scheduled dialysis)
ASA V - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-A moribund patient who is not expected to survive without the operation
(examples include ruptured abdominal /thoracic aneurysm, massive trauma, intracranial bleed with
mass effect, ischemic bowel
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
What is a major surgery? - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-involves extensive reconstruction or alteration in body
parts; poses great risks to well-being. (coronary artery bypass, colon resection, removal of larynx,
resection of lung lobe)
What is a minor surgery? - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-involves minimal alteration in body parts; designed to
correct deformities; involves minimal risks to well-being. (cataract extraction, facial plastic surgery,
tooth extraction)
What is an elective surgery? - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-performed on basis of patient's choice; is not
essential and not always necessary for health (bunionectomy, facial plastic surgery, hernia repair, breast
reconstruction)
What is an urgent surgery? - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-Necessary for patient's health; often prevents
development of additional problems; not necessarily an emergency (excision of cancerous tumor,
removal of gallbladder, vascular repair of obstructed artery)
What is an emergency surgery? - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-Must be done immediately to save life or
preserve function of body part (repair of perforated appendix or traumatic amputation; control of
internal hemorrhaging)
What is a diagnostic surgery? - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-Surgical exploration performed to confirm
diagnosis; often involves removal of tissue for further diagnostic testing (breast mass biopsy, exploratory
laparotomy)
What is an ablative surgery? - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-Excision or removal of diseased body part
(amputation, removal of appendix or gallbladder
What is palliative surgery? - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-Relieves or reduces intensity of disease symptoms;
does not produce cure (colostomy, debridement pf necrotic tissue, resection of nerve roots)
, What is reconstructive/restorative surgery? - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-Restores function or appearance to
traumatized or malfunctioning tissues (internal fixation of fractures; scar revision)
What is a procurement for transplant? - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-Removal of organs and/or tissues from a
person pronounces brain dead or from living donors for transplantation into another person (kidney,
heart, or liver transplant)
What is constructive surgery? - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-Restores function lost or reduced as a result of
congenital anomalies (repair of cleft palate; closure of trial septal defect in heart)
What is cosmetic surgery? - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-Performed to improve personal appearance
(blepharoplasty for eyelid deformities, rhinoplasty to reshape nose)
ASA I - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-A normal healthy patient; no biological, physiological, organic
disturbance; healthy, nonsmoking; no or minimal alcohol use
ASA II - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-A patient with mild systemic disease: Mild diseases only without
substantive functional limitations. Examples include (but not limited to): current smoker, social alcohol
drinker, pregnancy, obesity, well-controlled DM/HTN, mild lung disease
ASA III - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-A patient with severe systemic disease; substantive functional changes
with one or more moderate-to-severe diseases (poorly controlled DM or HTN, COPD, morbid obesity,
alcohol abuse, active hepatitis)
ASA IV - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-A patient with a a severe systemic disease that is a constant threat to life
(Recent (less than 3 months) MI, CVA, TIA, ongoing cardiac ischemia, sepsis, end stage renal disease not
undergoing regularly scheduled dialysis)
ASA V - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-A moribund patient who is not expected to survive without the operation
(examples include ruptured abdominal /thoracic aneurysm, massive trauma, intracranial bleed with
mass effect, ischemic bowel
