NR 226 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
Chapter 14: Older Adults - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-Over the age of 65- many adults in their 70s consider
themselves middle-aged
everyone ages at their own rates- lots of variation in the age group
Presbyopia - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-vision loss due to aging
pupils are smaller and react slower
presbycusis - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-age related hearing loss- affects the ability to hear high pitched
sounds and conversational speech
affects more men than women
Delirium - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-Acute confusional state- a potentially reversible cognitive impairment
that can be caused from electrolyte imbalances, untreated pain, infection, cerebral anoxia,
hypoglycemia, medication effects, tumors, subdural hematoma, and brain bleed or hemorrhage- can
also accompany pneumonia or a UTI- also can be from sleep deprivation
is a medical emergency
Dementia - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-Generalized impairment of intellectual functioning
gradual, progressive, and irreversible cerebral dysfunction
-Alzheimer's is a form
,Depression - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-A mood disturbance characterized by feelings of sadness and
despair
most common yet is most untreated and undetected impairment in older adulthood
can be acute or chronic
Health - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-Heart disease is the leading cause of death in older adults, next is
cancer, chronic lung disease, and stroke
COPD caused by tobacco smoke causes progression
*hypertension and pain are not normal signs of aging
Restorative Care - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-Care for adults is either for continuing recovery from acute
illness or addressing chronic conditions that affect daily functioning
the goal is to regain or improve prior level of independence, and ADLs
Chapter 43: Sleep - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-some patients have preexisting sleep disturbances and others
develop sleep problems as a result of an illness or hospitalization
Circadian Rhythms (diurnal) - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-day-night cycle- controlled by the hypothalamus
the biological rhythm of sleep frequently becomes synchronized with other body functions
affected by light, temperature, social activities, and work routines
, circadian cycle controls body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, hormone secretions, sensory
acuity, and mood predictable changes
sleeping promotes healing and regulates metabolism
Stages of the Adult Sleep Cycle - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-1. Presleep: the person is aware only of a
gradually developing sleepiness- normally lasts 10 to 30 minutes (can last hours in person with difficulty
sleeping)
Once asleep, normally pass through 4 or 5 complete sleep cycles per night- each consist of 4 stages of
NREM and a period of REM- a cycle lasts 90 to 100 minutes
NREM stage 1- NREM stage 2- NREM stage 3- NREM stage 4- NREM stage 3- NREM stage 2- REM sleep-
NREM stage 2, 3, 4 ,3, 2, rem, etc.
usually hit REM sleep after 90 minutes, with 75-80% of sleep being in NREM
Non-Rapid Eye Movement Stages (NREM) - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-Stage 1: when the patient starts to
fall asleep, decrease in pulse, decrease in bp, decrease in RR, decrease in brainwaves, very light sleep,
eyes rolling side to slide, lasts for a few minutes
Stage 2: light sleep- can be easily aroused, BP starts to drop, everything continues to decrease
Stage 3: medium depth sleep- not easily aroused, rates are all still dropping, snoring occurs
Stage 4: Delta sleep, or deep sleep- very difficult to arouse, rarely moving, muscles are completely
relaxed, dreaming may or may not occur- the body releases HGH for repair and renewal or epithelial and
brain cells
dreams can occur during REM AND NREM but are more vivid and elaborate during REM
ANSWERS
Chapter 14: Older Adults - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-Over the age of 65- many adults in their 70s consider
themselves middle-aged
everyone ages at their own rates- lots of variation in the age group
Presbyopia - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-vision loss due to aging
pupils are smaller and react slower
presbycusis - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-age related hearing loss- affects the ability to hear high pitched
sounds and conversational speech
affects more men than women
Delirium - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-Acute confusional state- a potentially reversible cognitive impairment
that can be caused from electrolyte imbalances, untreated pain, infection, cerebral anoxia,
hypoglycemia, medication effects, tumors, subdural hematoma, and brain bleed or hemorrhage- can
also accompany pneumonia or a UTI- also can be from sleep deprivation
is a medical emergency
Dementia - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-Generalized impairment of intellectual functioning
gradual, progressive, and irreversible cerebral dysfunction
-Alzheimer's is a form
,Depression - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-A mood disturbance characterized by feelings of sadness and
despair
most common yet is most untreated and undetected impairment in older adulthood
can be acute or chronic
Health - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-Heart disease is the leading cause of death in older adults, next is
cancer, chronic lung disease, and stroke
COPD caused by tobacco smoke causes progression
*hypertension and pain are not normal signs of aging
Restorative Care - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-Care for adults is either for continuing recovery from acute
illness or addressing chronic conditions that affect daily functioning
the goal is to regain or improve prior level of independence, and ADLs
Chapter 43: Sleep - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-some patients have preexisting sleep disturbances and others
develop sleep problems as a result of an illness or hospitalization
Circadian Rhythms (diurnal) - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-day-night cycle- controlled by the hypothalamus
the biological rhythm of sleep frequently becomes synchronized with other body functions
affected by light, temperature, social activities, and work routines
, circadian cycle controls body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, hormone secretions, sensory
acuity, and mood predictable changes
sleeping promotes healing and regulates metabolism
Stages of the Adult Sleep Cycle - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-1. Presleep: the person is aware only of a
gradually developing sleepiness- normally lasts 10 to 30 minutes (can last hours in person with difficulty
sleeping)
Once asleep, normally pass through 4 or 5 complete sleep cycles per night- each consist of 4 stages of
NREM and a period of REM- a cycle lasts 90 to 100 minutes
NREM stage 1- NREM stage 2- NREM stage 3- NREM stage 4- NREM stage 3- NREM stage 2- REM sleep-
NREM stage 2, 3, 4 ,3, 2, rem, etc.
usually hit REM sleep after 90 minutes, with 75-80% of sleep being in NREM
Non-Rapid Eye Movement Stages (NREM) - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-Stage 1: when the patient starts to
fall asleep, decrease in pulse, decrease in bp, decrease in RR, decrease in brainwaves, very light sleep,
eyes rolling side to slide, lasts for a few minutes
Stage 2: light sleep- can be easily aroused, BP starts to drop, everything continues to decrease
Stage 3: medium depth sleep- not easily aroused, rates are all still dropping, snoring occurs
Stage 4: Delta sleep, or deep sleep- very difficult to arouse, rarely moving, muscles are completely
relaxed, dreaming may or may not occur- the body releases HGH for repair and renewal or epithelial and
brain cells
dreams can occur during REM AND NREM but are more vivid and elaborate during REM
