PEDORTHICS Final Exam Questions and
Answers
What does a pedorthist do? - Answer-A pedorthist understands the properties of footwear and the
interaction between a patient's foot and the device or shoe, which makes them skilled at evaluating feet
and fitting footwear
Anatomical planes - Answer-Coronal, sagittal, transverse
Columns of the foot - Answer-Medial - 1st metatarsal, medial cuneiform
Middle - 2nd/3rd metatarsal, intermediate/lateral cuneiform
Lateral - 4th/5th metatarsal, cuboid
Sections of the foot - Answer-Forefoot - distal phalanges 1-5, intermediate phalanges 2-5, proximal
phalanges 1-5, metatarsals 1-5
Midfoot - medial/intermediate/lateral cuneiforms, cuboid, navicular
Hindfoot (rearfoot) - talus, calcaneus
,Name the joints of the foot and ankle complex - Answer-Talocrural (ankle); subtalar (talocalcaneal);
transverse tarsal (midtarsal, Chopart) [talonavicular, calcaneocuboid]; tarsometatarsal (Lisfranc);
metatarsophalangeal (MTP); proximal/distal interphalangeal (PIPs, DIPs)
Type of joint & motions: talocrural - Answer-Hinge; dorsiflexion, plantarflexion
Type of joint & motions: subtalar - Answer-Oblique condyloid; pronosupination
Type of joint & motions: transverse tarsal - Answer-TN - ball & socket; inversion, eversion
CC - modified saddle; inversion, eversion
[oblique, longitudinal]
Type of joint & motions: tarsometatarsal - Answer-Planar
Type of joint & motions: metatarsophalangeal - Answer-Condyloid; DF, PF, adduction, abduction,
circumduction
Type of joint & motions: interphalangeal - Answer-Hinge; flexion, extension
Four levels of PF amputation - Answer-Subtalar, Chopart, Lisfranc, MTP
4 purposes of the foot - Answer-Shock absorption, rigid propulsion, adverse terrain, structural platform
Three arches of the foot - Answer-Medial longitudinal, lateral longitudinal, transverse
Bones of medial arch - Answer-Calcaneus, navicular, all 3 cuneiforms, mets 1-3
, Bones of the lateral arch - Answer-Lateral tubercle of calcaneus, cuboid, mets 4-5
Bones of the transverse arch - Answer-Cuneiforms, cuboid, metatarsals 1-5
Ligaments of medial arch - Answer-Plantar calcaneonavicular (spring), plantar aponeurosis, short/long
plantar
Ligaments of the lateral arch - Answer-Short & long plantar
Ligaments of the transverse arch - Answer-Deep transverse ligaments
Muscles of medial arch - Answer-Tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus,
gastrocnemius, soleus
Muscles of lateral arch - Answer-Peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, plantar fascia, intrinsics
Muscles of transverse arch - Answer-Adductor hallucis, interossei, peroneus longus, peroneus brevis
Bones that form the basis of weight bearing - Answer-Met heads (specifically 1,5), calcaneus
Column that is most weight bearing - Answer-Lateral
Which is the stronger side of the ankle and why? - Answer-Lateral; ligament positioning & fibula bony
stop
What determines the motion of each joint? - Answer-Angle of joint (oblique)
Answers
What does a pedorthist do? - Answer-A pedorthist understands the properties of footwear and the
interaction between a patient's foot and the device or shoe, which makes them skilled at evaluating feet
and fitting footwear
Anatomical planes - Answer-Coronal, sagittal, transverse
Columns of the foot - Answer-Medial - 1st metatarsal, medial cuneiform
Middle - 2nd/3rd metatarsal, intermediate/lateral cuneiform
Lateral - 4th/5th metatarsal, cuboid
Sections of the foot - Answer-Forefoot - distal phalanges 1-5, intermediate phalanges 2-5, proximal
phalanges 1-5, metatarsals 1-5
Midfoot - medial/intermediate/lateral cuneiforms, cuboid, navicular
Hindfoot (rearfoot) - talus, calcaneus
,Name the joints of the foot and ankle complex - Answer-Talocrural (ankle); subtalar (talocalcaneal);
transverse tarsal (midtarsal, Chopart) [talonavicular, calcaneocuboid]; tarsometatarsal (Lisfranc);
metatarsophalangeal (MTP); proximal/distal interphalangeal (PIPs, DIPs)
Type of joint & motions: talocrural - Answer-Hinge; dorsiflexion, plantarflexion
Type of joint & motions: subtalar - Answer-Oblique condyloid; pronosupination
Type of joint & motions: transverse tarsal - Answer-TN - ball & socket; inversion, eversion
CC - modified saddle; inversion, eversion
[oblique, longitudinal]
Type of joint & motions: tarsometatarsal - Answer-Planar
Type of joint & motions: metatarsophalangeal - Answer-Condyloid; DF, PF, adduction, abduction,
circumduction
Type of joint & motions: interphalangeal - Answer-Hinge; flexion, extension
Four levels of PF amputation - Answer-Subtalar, Chopart, Lisfranc, MTP
4 purposes of the foot - Answer-Shock absorption, rigid propulsion, adverse terrain, structural platform
Three arches of the foot - Answer-Medial longitudinal, lateral longitudinal, transverse
Bones of medial arch - Answer-Calcaneus, navicular, all 3 cuneiforms, mets 1-3
, Bones of the lateral arch - Answer-Lateral tubercle of calcaneus, cuboid, mets 4-5
Bones of the transverse arch - Answer-Cuneiforms, cuboid, metatarsals 1-5
Ligaments of medial arch - Answer-Plantar calcaneonavicular (spring), plantar aponeurosis, short/long
plantar
Ligaments of the lateral arch - Answer-Short & long plantar
Ligaments of the transverse arch - Answer-Deep transverse ligaments
Muscles of medial arch - Answer-Tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus,
gastrocnemius, soleus
Muscles of lateral arch - Answer-Peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, plantar fascia, intrinsics
Muscles of transverse arch - Answer-Adductor hallucis, interossei, peroneus longus, peroneus brevis
Bones that form the basis of weight bearing - Answer-Met heads (specifically 1,5), calcaneus
Column that is most weight bearing - Answer-Lateral
Which is the stronger side of the ankle and why? - Answer-Lateral; ligament positioning & fibula bony
stop
What determines the motion of each joint? - Answer-Angle of joint (oblique)
