PLTW Biomedical Science Unit 3 Test
Explain the function of each of the major blood components - Correct Answers -Plasma-
Job is to transport blood cells throughout your body along with nutrients and proteins
that help maintain the body's fluid balance.
Red Blood Cells (erythrocytes)- Contain Hemoglobin, which helps carry oxygen from the
lungs to the rest of the body.
White Blood Cells(leukocytes)- Protect the body from infection.
Platelets(thrombocytes)- Help with the blood clotting proccess, by gathering at the site
of an injury.
What are platelets? - Correct Answers -Small fragments of cells
What are white blood cells called? - Correct Answers -leukocytes
What is anemia? - Correct Answers -Anemia is a deficiency in red blood cells or
hemoglobin.
What is a Hematocrit, how is it tested, what can we learn from this? - Correct Answers -
The ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the volume total volume of blood. It is tested
by taking small blood samples. It helps diagnose anemia, and leukemia
Compare normal vs. sickle-shaped red blood cells - Correct Answers -1. Normal:
Circular shape
2. Sickle-shaped: Cresent moon, or sickle shape
How do sickle-shaped red blood cells lead to decreased oxygen flow to the body
tissues? - Correct Answers -The sickle shape can cause a blockage in small blood
vessel, which makes it harder for oxygen to travel through the body
Determine and compare the experimental probability and the theoretical probability of
inheriting a trait. - Correct Answers -Experimental Probability- the ratio of the number of
times an event occurs to the total number of trials or times the activity is performed
Theoretical Probability- a method to express the likelihood that something will occur. It
is calculated by dividing the number of favorable outcomes by the total possible
outcomes.
Analyze pedigrees to calculate the probability of inheriting a trait or disease. - Correct
Answers -USE PUNNET SQUARES
, How are pedigrees used to track diseases? - Correct Answers -They show traits over
many generations so they can track a certain disease by noting a person as affected,
carrier, or normal
How can doctors and genetic counselors calculate the probability of a child inheriting a
disease? - Correct Answers -By using a Punnet Square (Using the mother and father's
genotypes)
What is sickle cell disease? - Correct Answers -It is an inherited blood disorder that
causes the change in the primary structure of the hemoglobin, and it makes the cells
look like sickles.
Why does the sickling of red blood cells of red blood cells cause health problems? -
Correct Answers -1. The sickle shape of the red blood cells makes it harder for the
blood to travel through the body
2. The sickle shape can also cause blockages stopping the flow of red blood cells
What is sickle cell anemia? - Correct Answers -A mutation in a gene causes a problem
making the hemoglobin of the red blood cells. It's a genetic disorder causing red blood
cells to be rod/sickle shaped. This causes them to get stuck in capillaries and the bodies
cells become deprived of oxygen
How is anemia diagnosed? - Correct Answers -Hematocrit(amount of red blood cells)
Test: complete blood cell count: 30% or lower is anemic.
How does sickle cell disease affect daily life? - Correct Answers -Loss of spleen, higher
risk of stroke, shortness of breath, anemia (because cells die faster), pain (because of
clots)
Explain the Process of protein synthesis - Correct Answers -mRNA attaches to
ribosome; rRNA reads the mRNA and translates it into an amino acid which the tRNA
gets and takes to the rRNA and attaches to previous amino acids to make the protein
chain
Explain how changes in the b-globin protein are due to mutation associated with sickle
cell disease - Correct Answers -The sickling happens when the polymers of Hb A
modify the red cell's structure
Demonstrate transcription and translation to create a protein - Correct Answers -
Transcription- first of several steps of DNA based gene expression, in which a particular
segment of DNA is copied into RNA by the enzyme RNA polymerase
Translation- the process in which ribosomes in the cytoplasm or ER synthesize proteins
after the process of transcription of DNA to RNA in the cell's nucleus.
Explain the function of each of the major blood components - Correct Answers -Plasma-
Job is to transport blood cells throughout your body along with nutrients and proteins
that help maintain the body's fluid balance.
Red Blood Cells (erythrocytes)- Contain Hemoglobin, which helps carry oxygen from the
lungs to the rest of the body.
White Blood Cells(leukocytes)- Protect the body from infection.
Platelets(thrombocytes)- Help with the blood clotting proccess, by gathering at the site
of an injury.
What are platelets? - Correct Answers -Small fragments of cells
What are white blood cells called? - Correct Answers -leukocytes
What is anemia? - Correct Answers -Anemia is a deficiency in red blood cells or
hemoglobin.
What is a Hematocrit, how is it tested, what can we learn from this? - Correct Answers -
The ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the volume total volume of blood. It is tested
by taking small blood samples. It helps diagnose anemia, and leukemia
Compare normal vs. sickle-shaped red blood cells - Correct Answers -1. Normal:
Circular shape
2. Sickle-shaped: Cresent moon, or sickle shape
How do sickle-shaped red blood cells lead to decreased oxygen flow to the body
tissues? - Correct Answers -The sickle shape can cause a blockage in small blood
vessel, which makes it harder for oxygen to travel through the body
Determine and compare the experimental probability and the theoretical probability of
inheriting a trait. - Correct Answers -Experimental Probability- the ratio of the number of
times an event occurs to the total number of trials or times the activity is performed
Theoretical Probability- a method to express the likelihood that something will occur. It
is calculated by dividing the number of favorable outcomes by the total possible
outcomes.
Analyze pedigrees to calculate the probability of inheriting a trait or disease. - Correct
Answers -USE PUNNET SQUARES
, How are pedigrees used to track diseases? - Correct Answers -They show traits over
many generations so they can track a certain disease by noting a person as affected,
carrier, or normal
How can doctors and genetic counselors calculate the probability of a child inheriting a
disease? - Correct Answers -By using a Punnet Square (Using the mother and father's
genotypes)
What is sickle cell disease? - Correct Answers -It is an inherited blood disorder that
causes the change in the primary structure of the hemoglobin, and it makes the cells
look like sickles.
Why does the sickling of red blood cells of red blood cells cause health problems? -
Correct Answers -1. The sickle shape of the red blood cells makes it harder for the
blood to travel through the body
2. The sickle shape can also cause blockages stopping the flow of red blood cells
What is sickle cell anemia? - Correct Answers -A mutation in a gene causes a problem
making the hemoglobin of the red blood cells. It's a genetic disorder causing red blood
cells to be rod/sickle shaped. This causes them to get stuck in capillaries and the bodies
cells become deprived of oxygen
How is anemia diagnosed? - Correct Answers -Hematocrit(amount of red blood cells)
Test: complete blood cell count: 30% or lower is anemic.
How does sickle cell disease affect daily life? - Correct Answers -Loss of spleen, higher
risk of stroke, shortness of breath, anemia (because cells die faster), pain (because of
clots)
Explain the Process of protein synthesis - Correct Answers -mRNA attaches to
ribosome; rRNA reads the mRNA and translates it into an amino acid which the tRNA
gets and takes to the rRNA and attaches to previous amino acids to make the protein
chain
Explain how changes in the b-globin protein are due to mutation associated with sickle
cell disease - Correct Answers -The sickling happens when the polymers of Hb A
modify the red cell's structure
Demonstrate transcription and translation to create a protein - Correct Answers -
Transcription- first of several steps of DNA based gene expression, in which a particular
segment of DNA is copied into RNA by the enzyme RNA polymerase
Translation- the process in which ribosomes in the cytoplasm or ER synthesize proteins
after the process of transcription of DNA to RNA in the cell's nucleus.
