BIOL 1201 Exam 3 (Chap. 12-16)
Questions With Correct Answrs!!
Define the cell cycle - ANSWERthe life of a cell from formation to its own division
Most cell division results in daughter cells with identical ___________ -
ANSWERgenetic information (DNA)
What are the reasons for cell division? - ANSWERReproduction (unicelluar
organisms), Growth and Developement (multicellular organisms), Tissue renewal
(replacing damaged cells ex. liver)
Define the genome - ANSWERThe whole of the genetic information of an organism
What is the DNA of a cell packaged in? - ANSWERChromosomes
Define chromosomes - ANSWERlong, thin threads of chromatin associated with
many protiens that maintain the structure and help control gene activity
Define chromatin - ANSWERthe entire complex of DNA and proteins that is the
building material of chromosomes
What form of cell division do somatic (nonreproductive) cells undergo? -
ANSWERMitosis
Somatic cells have ____ sets of chromosomes - ANSWERtwo (diploid)
What form of cell division do gametes (reproductive cells) undergo? -
ANSWERMeiosis
Gametes have ____ as many chromosomes as somatic cells. - ANSWERhalf
(haploid)
Define sister chromatids - ANSWERtwo identical chromatids that are joined
Define centromere - ANSWERSpecialized region where 2 sister chromatids and has
associated enzymatic activity
Chromosome duplication - ANSWERoccurs in the S phase of the cell cycle and is
necessary prior to mitosis
The Mitotic (M) phase contains which two processes? - ANSWERMitosis and
Cytokinesis
What happens during interphase? - ANSWERThe cell grows, performs its duties,
copies its DNA, and prepares for cell division (90% of cycle)
, The cell grows during all three phases of interphase, but the chromosomes are only
duplicated during the _______ phase - ANSWERS (Synthesis)
Mitosis is divided into 5 phases - ANSWERprophase, prometaphase, metaphase,
anaphase, telophase
When does the mitotic spindle form? - ANSWERduring prophase
What is the mitotic spindle made of? - ANSWERmicrotubules
What is the function of the centrosome during cell division? - ANSWERorganize
microtubules to pull chromatids apart
What are the characteristics of prophase? - ANSWER1. The chromatin fibers
condense into discrete chromosomes
2. The nucleoli disappears
3.Chromosomes appear as 2 sister chromatids joined at their centromeres
4. The mitotic spindle begins to form (microtubules, centrosomes, & asters)
5. Centrosomes move away from each other
What creates the cell plate in cytokinesis in plant cells? - ANSWERvesicles derived
from the Golgi apparatus move to the middle of the cell and coalesce
Where does DNA replication begin in binary fission? - ANSWERthe origin of
replication
What is signifacance of the replication processes of dinoflagellates, diatoms, and
some yeasts? - ANSWERThey show some of the in-between evolutionary steps
between binary fission and mitosis
What are the characteristics of prometaphase? - ANSWER1. The nuclear envelope
fragments
2. The chromosomes have become even more condensed
3.A kinetochore has formed at the centromere of each chromatid (2 per
chromosome)
4. Some of the microtubules attach to the kinetochores which jerk the chromosomes
back and forth
5. Nonkinetochore microtububles to lengthen the cell
What are the characteristics of metaphase? - ANSWER1. Centrosomes are now at
opposite poles of the cell
2. The chromosomes have all been lined up along the middle of the cell
3. For each chromosome, the kinetochores of the sister chromatids are attached to
kinetochore microtubules of the opposite poles
What are the characteristics of anaphase? - ANSWER1.Cohesion proteins are
cleaved and allow the sister chromatids to part
2. Chromatids move to opposite poles of the cells as kinetochore microtubules
shorten
Questions With Correct Answrs!!
Define the cell cycle - ANSWERthe life of a cell from formation to its own division
Most cell division results in daughter cells with identical ___________ -
ANSWERgenetic information (DNA)
What are the reasons for cell division? - ANSWERReproduction (unicelluar
organisms), Growth and Developement (multicellular organisms), Tissue renewal
(replacing damaged cells ex. liver)
Define the genome - ANSWERThe whole of the genetic information of an organism
What is the DNA of a cell packaged in? - ANSWERChromosomes
Define chromosomes - ANSWERlong, thin threads of chromatin associated with
many protiens that maintain the structure and help control gene activity
Define chromatin - ANSWERthe entire complex of DNA and proteins that is the
building material of chromosomes
What form of cell division do somatic (nonreproductive) cells undergo? -
ANSWERMitosis
Somatic cells have ____ sets of chromosomes - ANSWERtwo (diploid)
What form of cell division do gametes (reproductive cells) undergo? -
ANSWERMeiosis
Gametes have ____ as many chromosomes as somatic cells. - ANSWERhalf
(haploid)
Define sister chromatids - ANSWERtwo identical chromatids that are joined
Define centromere - ANSWERSpecialized region where 2 sister chromatids and has
associated enzymatic activity
Chromosome duplication - ANSWERoccurs in the S phase of the cell cycle and is
necessary prior to mitosis
The Mitotic (M) phase contains which two processes? - ANSWERMitosis and
Cytokinesis
What happens during interphase? - ANSWERThe cell grows, performs its duties,
copies its DNA, and prepares for cell division (90% of cycle)
, The cell grows during all three phases of interphase, but the chromosomes are only
duplicated during the _______ phase - ANSWERS (Synthesis)
Mitosis is divided into 5 phases - ANSWERprophase, prometaphase, metaphase,
anaphase, telophase
When does the mitotic spindle form? - ANSWERduring prophase
What is the mitotic spindle made of? - ANSWERmicrotubules
What is the function of the centrosome during cell division? - ANSWERorganize
microtubules to pull chromatids apart
What are the characteristics of prophase? - ANSWER1. The chromatin fibers
condense into discrete chromosomes
2. The nucleoli disappears
3.Chromosomes appear as 2 sister chromatids joined at their centromeres
4. The mitotic spindle begins to form (microtubules, centrosomes, & asters)
5. Centrosomes move away from each other
What creates the cell plate in cytokinesis in plant cells? - ANSWERvesicles derived
from the Golgi apparatus move to the middle of the cell and coalesce
Where does DNA replication begin in binary fission? - ANSWERthe origin of
replication
What is signifacance of the replication processes of dinoflagellates, diatoms, and
some yeasts? - ANSWERThey show some of the in-between evolutionary steps
between binary fission and mitosis
What are the characteristics of prometaphase? - ANSWER1. The nuclear envelope
fragments
2. The chromosomes have become even more condensed
3.A kinetochore has formed at the centromere of each chromatid (2 per
chromosome)
4. Some of the microtubules attach to the kinetochores which jerk the chromosomes
back and forth
5. Nonkinetochore microtububles to lengthen the cell
What are the characteristics of metaphase? - ANSWER1. Centrosomes are now at
opposite poles of the cell
2. The chromosomes have all been lined up along the middle of the cell
3. For each chromosome, the kinetochores of the sister chromatids are attached to
kinetochore microtubules of the opposite poles
What are the characteristics of anaphase? - ANSWER1.Cohesion proteins are
cleaved and allow the sister chromatids to part
2. Chromatids move to opposite poles of the cells as kinetochore microtubules
shorten
