WISCONSIN PESTICIDE APPLICATOR TURF AND
LANDSCAPE EXAM 2024 ACTUAL EXAM ALL
CHAPTERS 150 QUESTIONS ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+
What is the difference between diseases and disorders? - ANSWER-Disorders are caused by
unfavorable growing conditions such as temperature extremes, soil compaction, injury from machines
and chemicals, or too little or too much water. Diseases are caused by pathogens such as fungi, bacteria,
and viruses, which can multiply and spread from plant to plant
What are some turf symptoms that would lead you to test for Nematodes? - ANSWER-Infested areas
tend to wilt prematurely, even when adequate soil moisture is available and short, stunted, and brown
root systems from excessive feeding damage
What is the difference between Protectant (contact) fungicides and Systemic fungicides? -
ANSWERProtectant fungicides coat a susceptible plant to create a protective barrier against fungal
infection. The turf grass does not absorb them and they do not circulate (translocate) within the plant.
Systemic fungicides circulate (translocate) within the turf grass plant and can control fungi already in the
plant. Fungicide is absorbed through the cuticle (waxy outer layer) of the plant in several hours so that it
will not be washed off by rain or degraded by sunlight
When finding a turf grass site that seems to be suffering from disease, what factors do you want to
consider? - ANSWER-1.) Cultivar
2.) Mixture
3.) Fertilizer and pH
4.) Sharp blades
5.) Mowing height
What are the stand symptoms of Brown patch? - ANSWER-Irregular rings or patches of brown or tan
foliage become visible and are especially evident on close-cut grasses early in the morning and grayish
"smoke rings" appear around the patches
,What are the plant symptoms of Brown Patch? - ANSWER-Irregularly shaped gray or tan lesions with
dark brown borders are present on infected leaves
What are some ways to control Brown Patch? - ANSWER-1.) Good surface and subsurface drainage
2.) Avoid excessive irrigation. Irrigate early (before sunrise) to reduce duration of leaf wetness
3.) Promote air circulation by pruning or removing trees and shrubs or installing electric fans around
putting greens
4.) Avoid high nitrogen fertilization, especially during warm weather
5.) Apply preventative fungicides in late spring when night temperatures stay above 60 degrees
What is Brown Patch? - ANSWER-Symptoms of diseases that are caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia
solani and is the the most common disease of all Tall fescue in the Southeast. This is a big problem in the
maintenance of creeping bent grass for golf course putting greens. This disease does not occur on warm
season turf grasses
What is Large patch? - ANSWER-Disease of warm season turf grasses caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia
solani and develops in the fall and spring when temperatures are cool and the warm-season grasses are
growing slowly. Centipede grass and St. Augustine grass are the most susceptible to this disease out of all
warm-season grasses. Large patch is encouraged by wet weather, excessive nitrogen in the fall and
spring, poor soil drainage, over irrigation, and low mowing height
What are the stand symptoms or Large patch? - ANSWER-Irregular brown, yellow, or orange patches of
thin turf that are usually 1-2 feet in diameter, but expanded to several yards.
What are the plant symptoms of Large patch? - ANSWER-Reddish-brown oval-shaped lesions are
observed on the leach sheaths, but not on the leaves themselves. As the disease progresses, the leaf
sheath and crown area of the infected plants become rotten and greasy looking
What are some ways to control Large patch? - ANSWER-1.) Do not fertilize warm0season grasses with
nitrogen within 6 weeks of expected dormancy
2.) Nitrogen fertilizer application 3 weeks after turf green-up in the spring will encourage rapid recovery
3.) Aerify and dethatch regularly
, 4.) Irrigate only as needed in the fall and the spring, when warm-season grasses are growing slowly and
need little water
5.) Mow at recommended cutting height
6.) Apply preventative fungicides in the fall when soil temperatures drop below 70 degrees
What are the stand symptoms of Dollar spot? - ANSWER-On closely mowed turf, small bleached white
spots from 1-2 inches in diameter develop and is easily confused with early stages of Pythium blight. On
higher-cut turf, the spots may expand into patches exceeding 5 inches in diameter
What are the plant symptoms of Dollar spot? - ANSWER-Individual diseased leaves of grasses exhibit
characteristic bleached white lesions with distinct reddish-brown margins
What are some ways to control Dollar spot? - ANSWER-1.) Select turfgrass cultivars that exhibit
resistance to dollar spot
2.) Fertilize to avoid nitrogen deficiencies and to reduce disease severity
3.) Irrigate during early morning hours to limit high periods of high humidity and leaf wetness 4.)
Mow at correct height
What are the stand symptoms of Fairy ring? - ANSWER-Fairy rings appear as rings or arcs of green
stimulated turf that range from a few feet to many feet in diameter. When the turn becomes stressed,
the rings may become brown. During periods of heavy rainfall, mushroom or puffball fungi may appear
adjacent to the rings and persist for a few days
What are some ways to contra Fairy ring? - ANSWER-1.) Remove stumps and other wood material
from the root zone before establishing a turf grass area. Fairy rings will develop where wood is left in the
root zone
2.) Deep tilling and application of an approved fumigant have shown limited success
3.) Symptoms may be masked by adequate irrigation or fertilization with nitrogen and/or iron
*Fairy rings are very difficult to control
LANDSCAPE EXAM 2024 ACTUAL EXAM ALL
CHAPTERS 150 QUESTIONS ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+
What is the difference between diseases and disorders? - ANSWER-Disorders are caused by
unfavorable growing conditions such as temperature extremes, soil compaction, injury from machines
and chemicals, or too little or too much water. Diseases are caused by pathogens such as fungi, bacteria,
and viruses, which can multiply and spread from plant to plant
What are some turf symptoms that would lead you to test for Nematodes? - ANSWER-Infested areas
tend to wilt prematurely, even when adequate soil moisture is available and short, stunted, and brown
root systems from excessive feeding damage
What is the difference between Protectant (contact) fungicides and Systemic fungicides? -
ANSWERProtectant fungicides coat a susceptible plant to create a protective barrier against fungal
infection. The turf grass does not absorb them and they do not circulate (translocate) within the plant.
Systemic fungicides circulate (translocate) within the turf grass plant and can control fungi already in the
plant. Fungicide is absorbed through the cuticle (waxy outer layer) of the plant in several hours so that it
will not be washed off by rain or degraded by sunlight
When finding a turf grass site that seems to be suffering from disease, what factors do you want to
consider? - ANSWER-1.) Cultivar
2.) Mixture
3.) Fertilizer and pH
4.) Sharp blades
5.) Mowing height
What are the stand symptoms of Brown patch? - ANSWER-Irregular rings or patches of brown or tan
foliage become visible and are especially evident on close-cut grasses early in the morning and grayish
"smoke rings" appear around the patches
,What are the plant symptoms of Brown Patch? - ANSWER-Irregularly shaped gray or tan lesions with
dark brown borders are present on infected leaves
What are some ways to control Brown Patch? - ANSWER-1.) Good surface and subsurface drainage
2.) Avoid excessive irrigation. Irrigate early (before sunrise) to reduce duration of leaf wetness
3.) Promote air circulation by pruning or removing trees and shrubs or installing electric fans around
putting greens
4.) Avoid high nitrogen fertilization, especially during warm weather
5.) Apply preventative fungicides in late spring when night temperatures stay above 60 degrees
What is Brown Patch? - ANSWER-Symptoms of diseases that are caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia
solani and is the the most common disease of all Tall fescue in the Southeast. This is a big problem in the
maintenance of creeping bent grass for golf course putting greens. This disease does not occur on warm
season turf grasses
What is Large patch? - ANSWER-Disease of warm season turf grasses caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia
solani and develops in the fall and spring when temperatures are cool and the warm-season grasses are
growing slowly. Centipede grass and St. Augustine grass are the most susceptible to this disease out of all
warm-season grasses. Large patch is encouraged by wet weather, excessive nitrogen in the fall and
spring, poor soil drainage, over irrigation, and low mowing height
What are the stand symptoms or Large patch? - ANSWER-Irregular brown, yellow, or orange patches of
thin turf that are usually 1-2 feet in diameter, but expanded to several yards.
What are the plant symptoms of Large patch? - ANSWER-Reddish-brown oval-shaped lesions are
observed on the leach sheaths, but not on the leaves themselves. As the disease progresses, the leaf
sheath and crown area of the infected plants become rotten and greasy looking
What are some ways to control Large patch? - ANSWER-1.) Do not fertilize warm0season grasses with
nitrogen within 6 weeks of expected dormancy
2.) Nitrogen fertilizer application 3 weeks after turf green-up in the spring will encourage rapid recovery
3.) Aerify and dethatch regularly
, 4.) Irrigate only as needed in the fall and the spring, when warm-season grasses are growing slowly and
need little water
5.) Mow at recommended cutting height
6.) Apply preventative fungicides in the fall when soil temperatures drop below 70 degrees
What are the stand symptoms of Dollar spot? - ANSWER-On closely mowed turf, small bleached white
spots from 1-2 inches in diameter develop and is easily confused with early stages of Pythium blight. On
higher-cut turf, the spots may expand into patches exceeding 5 inches in diameter
What are the plant symptoms of Dollar spot? - ANSWER-Individual diseased leaves of grasses exhibit
characteristic bleached white lesions with distinct reddish-brown margins
What are some ways to control Dollar spot? - ANSWER-1.) Select turfgrass cultivars that exhibit
resistance to dollar spot
2.) Fertilize to avoid nitrogen deficiencies and to reduce disease severity
3.) Irrigate during early morning hours to limit high periods of high humidity and leaf wetness 4.)
Mow at correct height
What are the stand symptoms of Fairy ring? - ANSWER-Fairy rings appear as rings or arcs of green
stimulated turf that range from a few feet to many feet in diameter. When the turn becomes stressed,
the rings may become brown. During periods of heavy rainfall, mushroom or puffball fungi may appear
adjacent to the rings and persist for a few days
What are some ways to contra Fairy ring? - ANSWER-1.) Remove stumps and other wood material
from the root zone before establishing a turf grass area. Fairy rings will develop where wood is left in the
root zone
2.) Deep tilling and application of an approved fumigant have shown limited success
3.) Symptoms may be masked by adequate irrigation or fertilization with nitrogen and/or iron
*Fairy rings are very difficult to control
