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BIO GENETICS 210 FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2024
WITH QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS|ALREADY GRADED A+
A nucleotide is made up of what 3 components? - (answers)phosphate group,
pentose sugar (deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA), and a nitrogenous base
What nitrogenous bases are purines - (answers)Adenine and Guanine
What nitrogenous bases are pyrimidines? - (answers)cytosine, thymine, uracil
How can you differentiate between purines and pyrimidines? -
(answers)purines are double-ringed while pyrimidines are single-ringed
What are the differences between DNA and RNA? - (answers)DNA: double
stranded, has deoxyribose sugar(hydroxyl group at 2' carbon), bases: A, T, G, C
RNA: single stranded, has ribose sugar(one oxygen is removed from the 2'
Carbon), bases: A, U, G, C
Nucleoside vs Nucleotide - (answers)nucleoside: pentose sugar + nitrogenous
base
nucleotide: pentose sugar + nitrogenous base + phosphate group
What type of bonds bind nucleotide chains? - (answers)Phosphodiester bonds
What are the 4 requirements for a molecule to be genetic material? -
(answers)1.) Must contain important info to encode hereditary traits
2.) Must be capable of replication
3.) Must be capable of variation by mutation
1
, 2
4.) Must be able to express information
Where are chromosomes located? - (answers)cell's nucleus
what is a centrosome? - (answers)location in the cell that contains centrioles
What are centrioles? - (answers)microtubules that produce mitotic spindle
fibers, aids in cell division, and make up the cytoskeleton of the cell
How many centrioles are there for every centrosome? - (answers)2
centrioles/1 centrosome
How many copies of each type of chromosome does each eukaryotic cell
typically have? - (answers)2 copies
what are homologous chromosomes? - (answers)copies of the same type of
DNA
What are non-homologous chromosomes? - (answers)copies of different
chromosomes with different DNA
What is mitosis? - (answers)cell division of one cell into 2 exact duplicates
What are the six stages of Mitosis in order? - (answers)interphase, prophase,
prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and cytokinesis
What happens during mitosis interphase? - (answers)mitosis stage that the cell
is primarily in
2
, 3
chromosomes are uncondensed, so they are just hanging out in the nucleus
1 centrosome < 2 centrioles
What happens during interphase s-phase? - (answers)Centrosome replication (
2 centrosomes < 4 centrioles) occurs and chromosome replication occurs (still
uncondensed)
What happens during mitosis prophase? - (answers)centrioles move to
opposite ends of the cell using spindle fibers
nuclear membrane breaks down
chromatin (DNA) condenses into chromosomes (the "x"'s); bound by a
kinetochore that attracts mitotic spindle fibers
What happens during mitosis prometaphase? - (answers)centrioles have
reached polar regions and mitotic spindle fibers have connected to the
kinetochore
What happens during mitosis metaphase - (answers)all chromosomes are lined
up on the metaphase plate
What happens during mitosis Anaphase? - (answers)mitotic spindle fibers pull
chromosomes apart into chromatids (4n)
What happens during mitosis telophase? - (answers)nuclear envelope reforms
plasmo-membrane is pinched; sister chromatids are still condensed at this
point
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BIO GENETICS 210 FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2024
WITH QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS|ALREADY GRADED A+
A nucleotide is made up of what 3 components? - (answers)phosphate group,
pentose sugar (deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA), and a nitrogenous base
What nitrogenous bases are purines - (answers)Adenine and Guanine
What nitrogenous bases are pyrimidines? - (answers)cytosine, thymine, uracil
How can you differentiate between purines and pyrimidines? -
(answers)purines are double-ringed while pyrimidines are single-ringed
What are the differences between DNA and RNA? - (answers)DNA: double
stranded, has deoxyribose sugar(hydroxyl group at 2' carbon), bases: A, T, G, C
RNA: single stranded, has ribose sugar(one oxygen is removed from the 2'
Carbon), bases: A, U, G, C
Nucleoside vs Nucleotide - (answers)nucleoside: pentose sugar + nitrogenous
base
nucleotide: pentose sugar + nitrogenous base + phosphate group
What type of bonds bind nucleotide chains? - (answers)Phosphodiester bonds
What are the 4 requirements for a molecule to be genetic material? -
(answers)1.) Must contain important info to encode hereditary traits
2.) Must be capable of replication
3.) Must be capable of variation by mutation
1
, 2
4.) Must be able to express information
Where are chromosomes located? - (answers)cell's nucleus
what is a centrosome? - (answers)location in the cell that contains centrioles
What are centrioles? - (answers)microtubules that produce mitotic spindle
fibers, aids in cell division, and make up the cytoskeleton of the cell
How many centrioles are there for every centrosome? - (answers)2
centrioles/1 centrosome
How many copies of each type of chromosome does each eukaryotic cell
typically have? - (answers)2 copies
what are homologous chromosomes? - (answers)copies of the same type of
DNA
What are non-homologous chromosomes? - (answers)copies of different
chromosomes with different DNA
What is mitosis? - (answers)cell division of one cell into 2 exact duplicates
What are the six stages of Mitosis in order? - (answers)interphase, prophase,
prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and cytokinesis
What happens during mitosis interphase? - (answers)mitosis stage that the cell
is primarily in
2
, 3
chromosomes are uncondensed, so they are just hanging out in the nucleus
1 centrosome < 2 centrioles
What happens during interphase s-phase? - (answers)Centrosome replication (
2 centrosomes < 4 centrioles) occurs and chromosome replication occurs (still
uncondensed)
What happens during mitosis prophase? - (answers)centrioles move to
opposite ends of the cell using spindle fibers
nuclear membrane breaks down
chromatin (DNA) condenses into chromosomes (the "x"'s); bound by a
kinetochore that attracts mitotic spindle fibers
What happens during mitosis prometaphase? - (answers)centrioles have
reached polar regions and mitotic spindle fibers have connected to the
kinetochore
What happens during mitosis metaphase - (answers)all chromosomes are lined
up on the metaphase plate
What happens during mitosis Anaphase? - (answers)mitotic spindle fibers pull
chromosomes apart into chromatids (4n)
What happens during mitosis telophase? - (answers)nuclear envelope reforms
plasmo-membrane is pinched; sister chromatids are still condensed at this
point
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