ADJ 107 - Criminology Exam Questions Answered Correctly Latest Update Graded A+

ADJ 107 - Criminology Exam Questions Answered Correctly Latest Update Graded A+ When researchers want a survey to be representative of all members of society they conduct: - Answers Cross-sectional research A research approach that asks participants to describe their recent lifetime criminal activity is termed: - Answers A Self-report survey Richmond (Virginia) Police Department used ____ to identify and target locations associated with increased random gunfire during the previous year's New Year's Eve holiday in order to deploy police resources to those areas. - Answers Data mining If criminologists want to see the direct effect of one factor or another, such as determining whether viewing a violent TV show will cause viewers to act aggressively, they conduct: - Answers experimental research Validity issues the UCR. Which of the following best portrays the validity concerns for this date collection method? - Answers Reporting practices, methodological problems, and law enforcement practices. The "missing cases" phenomenon is a validity concern for which type of crime measurement? - Answers Self-report studies According to UCR data, what change was evidenced in the estimated rate of violent crime from 2005 to 2006? - Answers The estimated rate increased by 1 percent. What is known about the relationship between the economy and crime? - Answers All these statements are known about the relationship between the economy and crime. When discussing future trends in crime, Steffensmeier and Harer believe the American culture will be greatly affected by baby boomers, now in their late 50s and 60s, who will: - Answers Exert a significant influence on the nation's values and morals. The phrase "the ecology of crime" refers to such factors as: - Answers season and climate Due to the amount of disposable income at this time, crime rates may be higher: - Answers On the first day of the month The highest crime rate is found in which regions of the country? - Answers South and West How is age correlated with crime? - Answers Age is inversely related to crime - younger people commit more crime According to the _______ hypothesis, the criminality of females is masked because of the generally benevolent and protective attitude toward women in our society. - Answers Chivalry Official arrest records indicate that African Americans are arrested at a higher rate than members of other racial groups. Self-report data: - Answers Suggest arrest rate differences are an artifact of justice system bias. Institutional racism undermines faith in social and political institutions and weakens confidence in the justice system. According to the ________, as the percentage of minorities in the population increases so too does the amount of social control that police direct at minority group members. - Answers Racial threat hypothesis. Which of the following sets of factors would not predict chronic offending? - Answers parental supervision, average grades, school attendance Criminologists who focus their attention on crime victims refer to themselves as: - Answers victimologists Victims suffer stress and anxiety long after an incident is over. What is known about the long-term stress suffered by victims? - Answers Childhood trauma, including rape and molestation, is significantly associated with visual, auditory, and tactile hallucinations. Surveys of school crime indicate that victims are declining. What percentage of students experience a crime at school in a given year? - Answers 5 percent Referring to victims and their criminals, victims report that substance abuse is a factor in how many violent crime incidents? - Answers one-third Individuals who repeatedly experience victimization are termed: - Answers chronic victims Sibling homicide is known as: - Answers siblicide What is known regarding repeat victimization/chronic victimization? - Answers Most repeat victimizations occur soon after a previous crime has been committed. Which ethnic group reports the highest rate of violent victimization? - Answers Blacks Which of the following is least likely to be a characteristic of a high-risk lifestyle? - Answers Participating in sport The fact that some people's activities and behaviors increase their risk of victimization by increasing their potential to become "opportunities" for criminal offenders is the basis of what theory? - Answers Lifestyle theory In routine activities theory, a large number of unemployed teenagers would be an example of: - Answers motivated offenders According to routine activities theory, homes that contained easily salable objects such as laptop computers, stereos, and television sets would be classified as: - Answers suitable targets A local program to assist victims and witnesses with applying for compensation, transportation, crisis intervention, and other needs caused by a crime is known as: - Answers A victim-witness assistance program Which of the following is primary aim of victim-offender reconciliation programs? - Answers Restitution agreements and reconciliation between the two parties The victim's ability to address the sentencing judge and tell of his or experiences as a result of the victimization is known as a: - Answers Victim's impact statement Which of the following rights is not generally contained within states' victims' rights legislation? - Answers The right to be protected from media coverage Offenders may react selectively to the characteristics of an individual criminal act. For instance, the decision to commit a burglary may involve evaluating the target's likely cash yield. This crime would then be considered: - Answers Offensive Specific The view that criminals are not simply automatons, for one reason or another, engage in random acts of antisocial behavior reflects a crime that is: - Answers Offender Specific Well-let housing projects that maximize surveillance reflect Oscar Newman's concept of _____ that suggests crime can be prevented via the use of residential architectural designs that reduce criminal opportunity. - Answers Defensible Space When city officials and urban planners consider the characteristics of sites and situations that are risk for crime, the factors that attract people to these sites and situations, and what equips potential criminals to take advantage of the illegal opportunities offered by these sites and situations, they are engaging in a practice known as: - Answers Situational crime prevention The fact that caller ID features have significantly reduced the number of obscene phone calls is an example of what technique of situational crime prevention? - Answers Increasing shame Situational crime prevention is not without its problems. When crime reduction programs redirect offenders to alternative targets, it is terms: - Answers crime displacement The theory of specific deterrence suggests that the harsher the punishment, the less likely the chance of recidivism. Is this so? - Answers No, harsh punishments may actually increase offending rates. The Kansas City, Missouri police department's study of patrol effectiveness, convinced criminologists that: - Answers The mere presence of patrol officers on the street did not have a deterrent effect. "Crackdowns" are sudden changes in police activity designed to lower crime rates through an increase in the communicated threat or actual certainty of punishment. What does research indicate about the effectiveness of crackdowns? - Answers Research indicates all of these things (a, b, and c).