DHN 311 EXAM 3 PT 2 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS ALL CORRECT
What is the classification of amino acids based on? - Answer-it is based on which
intermediate is produced that will eventually lead to the formation of glucose or ketones
One fate of the amino group that is removed from the amino acids is the _____ _____. -
Answer-urea cycle
The fate of the carbon skeleton depends on whether the body is in a ____ or ____
state. - Answer-fasted
fed
In the fasted state, the carbon skeleton can be....(3). - Answer-1. oxidized to energy
2. form glucose
3. form ketone bodies
In the fed state the carbon skeleton will be..... - Answer-converted to fat
Transferring an amino group to a different carbon skeleton (or alpha-keto acid) is known
as _______. - Answer-transamination
The result of a transamination reaction is a new ____ ____ and _____ ____ are
generated. - Answer-amino acid
carbon skeleton
which enzyme catalyzes the transamination reactions? - Answer-aminotransferases
where are the aminotransferases found, in the cell and body? - Answer-they are found
in the cytosol and mitochondria of cells
especially found in the liver, kidney, intestine, and muscle
cells all over the body can use amino acids for energy and to make _______ amino
acids. These non-essential amino acids can be used to make ____ in cells. However,
only the ____ can convert it to glucose. - Answer-non-essential
proteins
liver
which enzyme catalyzes deamination reactions? - Answer-glutamate dehydrogenase
, what does a deamination reaction involve? - Answer-it involves removing the amino
group from the amino acid without transferring the group to another amino acid.
in deamination reactions, the amino group that is removed can used for what? -
Answer-the free ammonia can be used as a source of nitrogen for synthesis of urea
which coenzymes are used in deamination reactions in regarding the free ammonia? -
Answer-NAD and NADP+ are used depending on whether an amino group is being
added or removed.
what is the purpose of the glucose alanine cycle? - Answer-1. to get ammonia out of the
tissue and 2. provide a source of glucose for the muscle
why is it important to remove ammonia from the tissue and bring it to the liver? -
Answer-this prevents the pH from going too high
which enzyme assets in ridding peripheral tissues of ammonia? - Answer-glutamine
synthetase
how does glutamine synthetase assist is ridding ammonia from tissues? - Answer-it
combines the NH3 (ammonia) with glutamate to make glutamine
where does the newly formed glutamine go? and what happens when it gets there? -
Answer-it goes to the liver tissue.
once there, the enzyme glutaminase removes the NH3 to reform glutamate.
when the glutamine acts on glutamine, where does the removed NH3 go? - Answer-it
goes to the urea cycle.
The glucose alanine cycle occurs between the ___ and ___ tissues. - Answer-liver and
muscle
how is the glucose alanine cycle different from the Cori cycle? - Answer-instead of
removing lactate, it removes ammonia from muscle tissue
where does the urea cycle function? - Answer-in the liver
what is urea the major disposal form of? - Answer-amino groups derived from amino
acid metabolism
why is it important for ammonia to be converted to urea? - Answer-because
accumulation of ammonia can raise the pH of cells to toxic levels so the conversion is
needed as a safe form of excretion
what are the nitrogen groups within the urea compound derived from? - Answer-free
ammonia such as from amino acid metabolism and by aspartate
AND ANSWERS ALL CORRECT
What is the classification of amino acids based on? - Answer-it is based on which
intermediate is produced that will eventually lead to the formation of glucose or ketones
One fate of the amino group that is removed from the amino acids is the _____ _____. -
Answer-urea cycle
The fate of the carbon skeleton depends on whether the body is in a ____ or ____
state. - Answer-fasted
fed
In the fasted state, the carbon skeleton can be....(3). - Answer-1. oxidized to energy
2. form glucose
3. form ketone bodies
In the fed state the carbon skeleton will be..... - Answer-converted to fat
Transferring an amino group to a different carbon skeleton (or alpha-keto acid) is known
as _______. - Answer-transamination
The result of a transamination reaction is a new ____ ____ and _____ ____ are
generated. - Answer-amino acid
carbon skeleton
which enzyme catalyzes the transamination reactions? - Answer-aminotransferases
where are the aminotransferases found, in the cell and body? - Answer-they are found
in the cytosol and mitochondria of cells
especially found in the liver, kidney, intestine, and muscle
cells all over the body can use amino acids for energy and to make _______ amino
acids. These non-essential amino acids can be used to make ____ in cells. However,
only the ____ can convert it to glucose. - Answer-non-essential
proteins
liver
which enzyme catalyzes deamination reactions? - Answer-glutamate dehydrogenase
, what does a deamination reaction involve? - Answer-it involves removing the amino
group from the amino acid without transferring the group to another amino acid.
in deamination reactions, the amino group that is removed can used for what? -
Answer-the free ammonia can be used as a source of nitrogen for synthesis of urea
which coenzymes are used in deamination reactions in regarding the free ammonia? -
Answer-NAD and NADP+ are used depending on whether an amino group is being
added or removed.
what is the purpose of the glucose alanine cycle? - Answer-1. to get ammonia out of the
tissue and 2. provide a source of glucose for the muscle
why is it important to remove ammonia from the tissue and bring it to the liver? -
Answer-this prevents the pH from going too high
which enzyme assets in ridding peripheral tissues of ammonia? - Answer-glutamine
synthetase
how does glutamine synthetase assist is ridding ammonia from tissues? - Answer-it
combines the NH3 (ammonia) with glutamate to make glutamine
where does the newly formed glutamine go? and what happens when it gets there? -
Answer-it goes to the liver tissue.
once there, the enzyme glutaminase removes the NH3 to reform glutamate.
when the glutamine acts on glutamine, where does the removed NH3 go? - Answer-it
goes to the urea cycle.
The glucose alanine cycle occurs between the ___ and ___ tissues. - Answer-liver and
muscle
how is the glucose alanine cycle different from the Cori cycle? - Answer-instead of
removing lactate, it removes ammonia from muscle tissue
where does the urea cycle function? - Answer-in the liver
what is urea the major disposal form of? - Answer-amino groups derived from amino
acid metabolism
why is it important for ammonia to be converted to urea? - Answer-because
accumulation of ammonia can raise the pH of cells to toxic levels so the conversion is
needed as a safe form of excretion
what are the nitrogen groups within the urea compound derived from? - Answer-free
ammonia such as from amino acid metabolism and by aspartate
