DHN 311 Exam 3 Questions and
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what is the first reaction on beta oxidation catalyzed by? - Answer-acyl CoA
dehydrogenase
what are the 4 reactions per cycle? - Answer-oxidation
hydration
oxidation
thiolysis
beta oxidation proceeds with usual within odd number fatty acids until the _____ are
reached - Answer-final 3 carbons
the 3 carbon compound generated is called - Answer-propionyl CoA
the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids provides ____ energy compare to saturated? -
Answer-less
unsaturated fatty acid are less highly _____ and there fore.... - Answer-reduced and
fewer reducing equivalents can be produced
beta oxidation primarily takes place in the ..... - Answer-liver and muscle
lipolysis primarily takes place in the... - Answer-adipose tissue
how many ATP was needed in order fro acetyl CoA - Answer-129
think there are how many cycles and what happens to the carbon length each time in
the cycle? - Answer-7 cycles and each time drops by 2 carbons but starts with 14 and
by 7 is at 2
what are the products for steps 1 through 6 of the cycle - Answer-1 FADH
1 NADH
1 acetyl CoA
,what is the product for step 7 of the cycle? - Answer-1 FADH
1 NADH
2 acetyl CoA
what is the palmitic acid formula ? - Answer-C16H34O2 - 129 ATP per 16C molecule
what is the glucose formula? - Answer-C6H12O6 - 38 ATP per 6C molecule pf glucose
what is the first stage of ketogenesis? - Answer-beta oxidation
when are ketone bodies generated and what process are they? - Answer-fasting,
starvation, or carbohydrate starvation and are a catabolic process
ketone bodies travel through what to enter the TCA Cycle to make energy? - Answer-
blood to peripheral tissues and then reconverted back to acetyl CoA
where does the formation of ketone bodies occur? - Answer-mitochondria of hepatic
(liver) cells
what are the three reasons why ketones are important? - Answer-water soluble
provide an alternate use of acetyl CoA
provides energy for extra hepatic tissue (not liver)
explain why it is important ketones are water soluble? - Answer-does not need to be
packaged or carried by transport proteins in the blood
explain why it is important for ketones to provide an alternate use of acetyl CoA? -
Answer-produced in the liver during times when acetyl CoA amounts exceed oxidative
capacity of the liver
explain why it is important that ketones provides energy for extra hepatic tissue (not
liver) - Answer-used in proportion to their true concentration in the blood, even in the
brain
since ketogenesis is occurring what is also activated? - Answer-gluconeogenesis
during gluconeogenesis what is ultimately being shunted into the glyconeogenic
pathway to ultimetly generate glucose? - Answer-OAA
because acetyl CoA is derived from beta oxidation is being directed into the ketogenic
pathway cease oxaloasectate is not available to form citrate and enter the Krebs cycle,
where is this unique to? - Answer-the liver
in the liver what is being used to form ketone bodies - Answer-acetyl CoA
, why in muscle tissues does the acetyl CoA derived from muscle tissue of fatty acids
enter the TCA cycle? - Answer-to generate ATP for muscle tissue
what are the three ketones used for synthesis of ketone bodies in the liver? - Answer-
acetoaetate
3-hydroxy buterate
acetone
what dies acetoacetate do ? - Answer-primary ketone formed but can be converted to
ketone 2 or 3
what does 3-hydroxy butyrate do? - Answer-acetoaceate reduced by NADH, which
allows the liver to dispose of surplus H+ that accumulates during beta oxidation
what does acetone do? - Answer-unfavored fate, spontaneous decarboxylation in the
blood when acetoacetate concentration is too high, breathe off (fruity breath)
the last enzyme of beta oxidation does what for ketogenesis? - Answer-catalyzes the
first reaction (thiolase)
what is ketolysis? - Answer-breakdown of ketones into acetyl CoA
once ketones are formed where are they released into circulation? - Answer-liver
where does the pentose phosphate pathway occur? - Answer-cytosol
where is the pentose phosphate pathway most active? - Answer-liver, mammary glands,
adrenal cortex, and rapidly dividing tissue
what are important intermediates of the pentose phosphate pathway? - Answer-ribose-5
phosphate, used for nucleic acids and metabolite that can enter glycolysis if needed
what are the irreversible and reversible phases of the pentose phosphate pathway
called? - Answer-irreversible is oxidative and contains redox reactions which generate
NADPH which then goes to metabolic pathways to form steroid hormones, fatty acids
the reversible is non oxidative and generates precursors fir glycolysis and nucleotide
synthesis
what is glycogen? - Answer-branched polysaccharide made entirely of glucose; stored
form of glucose that can serve as a quick supply of glucose fr tissues
glucose is require for... - Answer-cells with no mitochondria like RBC
what are the three primary sources that blood glucose can be obtained by... - Answer-
diet, degradation of glycogen and gluconeogensis
Answers Pass Guaranteed Latest
Update
what is the first reaction on beta oxidation catalyzed by? - Answer-acyl CoA
dehydrogenase
what are the 4 reactions per cycle? - Answer-oxidation
hydration
oxidation
thiolysis
beta oxidation proceeds with usual within odd number fatty acids until the _____ are
reached - Answer-final 3 carbons
the 3 carbon compound generated is called - Answer-propionyl CoA
the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids provides ____ energy compare to saturated? -
Answer-less
unsaturated fatty acid are less highly _____ and there fore.... - Answer-reduced and
fewer reducing equivalents can be produced
beta oxidation primarily takes place in the ..... - Answer-liver and muscle
lipolysis primarily takes place in the... - Answer-adipose tissue
how many ATP was needed in order fro acetyl CoA - Answer-129
think there are how many cycles and what happens to the carbon length each time in
the cycle? - Answer-7 cycles and each time drops by 2 carbons but starts with 14 and
by 7 is at 2
what are the products for steps 1 through 6 of the cycle - Answer-1 FADH
1 NADH
1 acetyl CoA
,what is the product for step 7 of the cycle? - Answer-1 FADH
1 NADH
2 acetyl CoA
what is the palmitic acid formula ? - Answer-C16H34O2 - 129 ATP per 16C molecule
what is the glucose formula? - Answer-C6H12O6 - 38 ATP per 6C molecule pf glucose
what is the first stage of ketogenesis? - Answer-beta oxidation
when are ketone bodies generated and what process are they? - Answer-fasting,
starvation, or carbohydrate starvation and are a catabolic process
ketone bodies travel through what to enter the TCA Cycle to make energy? - Answer-
blood to peripheral tissues and then reconverted back to acetyl CoA
where does the formation of ketone bodies occur? - Answer-mitochondria of hepatic
(liver) cells
what are the three reasons why ketones are important? - Answer-water soluble
provide an alternate use of acetyl CoA
provides energy for extra hepatic tissue (not liver)
explain why it is important ketones are water soluble? - Answer-does not need to be
packaged or carried by transport proteins in the blood
explain why it is important for ketones to provide an alternate use of acetyl CoA? -
Answer-produced in the liver during times when acetyl CoA amounts exceed oxidative
capacity of the liver
explain why it is important that ketones provides energy for extra hepatic tissue (not
liver) - Answer-used in proportion to their true concentration in the blood, even in the
brain
since ketogenesis is occurring what is also activated? - Answer-gluconeogenesis
during gluconeogenesis what is ultimately being shunted into the glyconeogenic
pathway to ultimetly generate glucose? - Answer-OAA
because acetyl CoA is derived from beta oxidation is being directed into the ketogenic
pathway cease oxaloasectate is not available to form citrate and enter the Krebs cycle,
where is this unique to? - Answer-the liver
in the liver what is being used to form ketone bodies - Answer-acetyl CoA
, why in muscle tissues does the acetyl CoA derived from muscle tissue of fatty acids
enter the TCA cycle? - Answer-to generate ATP for muscle tissue
what are the three ketones used for synthesis of ketone bodies in the liver? - Answer-
acetoaetate
3-hydroxy buterate
acetone
what dies acetoacetate do ? - Answer-primary ketone formed but can be converted to
ketone 2 or 3
what does 3-hydroxy butyrate do? - Answer-acetoaceate reduced by NADH, which
allows the liver to dispose of surplus H+ that accumulates during beta oxidation
what does acetone do? - Answer-unfavored fate, spontaneous decarboxylation in the
blood when acetoacetate concentration is too high, breathe off (fruity breath)
the last enzyme of beta oxidation does what for ketogenesis? - Answer-catalyzes the
first reaction (thiolase)
what is ketolysis? - Answer-breakdown of ketones into acetyl CoA
once ketones are formed where are they released into circulation? - Answer-liver
where does the pentose phosphate pathway occur? - Answer-cytosol
where is the pentose phosphate pathway most active? - Answer-liver, mammary glands,
adrenal cortex, and rapidly dividing tissue
what are important intermediates of the pentose phosphate pathway? - Answer-ribose-5
phosphate, used for nucleic acids and metabolite that can enter glycolysis if needed
what are the irreversible and reversible phases of the pentose phosphate pathway
called? - Answer-irreversible is oxidative and contains redox reactions which generate
NADPH which then goes to metabolic pathways to form steroid hormones, fatty acids
the reversible is non oxidative and generates precursors fir glycolysis and nucleotide
synthesis
what is glycogen? - Answer-branched polysaccharide made entirely of glucose; stored
form of glucose that can serve as a quick supply of glucose fr tissues
glucose is require for... - Answer-cells with no mitochondria like RBC
what are the three primary sources that blood glucose can be obtained by... - Answer-
diet, degradation of glycogen and gluconeogensis
