DHN 311 TEST QUESTIONS WITH
100% CORRECT ANSWERS
What are the 4 players of transcription? - Answer-1. RNA polymerases (enzyme)
2. Promoter region
3. Transcription factors
4. Enhancers
What does RNA polymerase do in transcription? - Answer-unwinds double stranded
DNA
-initiates the process
-adds next nucleotide base
-responsible for terminating (stopping) transcription
What polymerase synthesizes rRNA? - Answer-RNA polymerase I
What polymerase synthesizes mRNA? - Answer-RNA polymerase II
What polymerase synthesizes tRNA? - Answer-RNA polymerase III
What is the starting point of RNA template? - Answer-promoter region
What is a promoter region? - Answer-binding site for RNA polymerase and transcription
factors
How does RNA polymerase recognize the promoter region? - Answer-transcription
factors bound to the promoter
what do transcription factors do? - Answer--recruit or block RNA polymerases
-helps regulate gene expression
-controls transcription
-help polymerase know where to bind
-increase or decrease gene expression at the level of polymerase
What are enhancers? - Answer-a part of RNA polymerases that increases the rate of
initiation and a promoters effectiveness
Where can enhancers appear on the DNA chain? - Answer-upstream or downstream
What is upstream? - Answer-towards the 5' end from promoter
, What is downstream? - Answer-towards the 3' end from promoter
What happens during initiation in transcription? - Answer-transcription factor binds to
promoter region and polymerase is recruited to the site
What happens during elongation in transcription? - Answer-RNA polymerase attaches
to the promoter site and unwinds a segment of DNA and separates the strands to reach
the template
What happens during termination in transcription? - Answer-RNA polymerase reaches a
termination signal and the newly formed RNA transcript is released from the DNA
What happens after transcription? - Answer--mRNA(any RNA type) leaves the nucleus
and travels to the ribosomes
What is translation? - Answer-RNA to protein
-protein synthesis
What is the purpose of translation? - Answer-put together amino acids to produce
protein
_________ Creates the transcript (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA) and _____________ translates
that message into the form of a protein - Answer-Transcription, translation
What RNA is found in ribosomes? - Answer-rRNA
How is information traveled to the ribosome? - Answer-as mRNA
What is the first step of translation? - Answer-tRNA binds to empty 'A' site within the
ribosome and matches anti-codon to codon on the mRNA
Whats a codon? - Answer-group of three nucleotide bases
What is a peptide bond? - Answer-covalent bond between amino acids
What is peptidyl transferase? - Answer-forms peptide bonds
what is the second step of translation? - Answer-Peptidyl transferase forms the peptide
bonds between amino acids and transfers the peptide chain from the 'p' site onto the
amino acid docked in the 'A' site
What is the third step of translation? - Answer-ribosome slides down the mRNA moving
the peptide into the 'P' site and opens up the 'A' site, which exposes the next codon and
the next tRNA comes in with an anti-codon and keeps repeating
100% CORRECT ANSWERS
What are the 4 players of transcription? - Answer-1. RNA polymerases (enzyme)
2. Promoter region
3. Transcription factors
4. Enhancers
What does RNA polymerase do in transcription? - Answer-unwinds double stranded
DNA
-initiates the process
-adds next nucleotide base
-responsible for terminating (stopping) transcription
What polymerase synthesizes rRNA? - Answer-RNA polymerase I
What polymerase synthesizes mRNA? - Answer-RNA polymerase II
What polymerase synthesizes tRNA? - Answer-RNA polymerase III
What is the starting point of RNA template? - Answer-promoter region
What is a promoter region? - Answer-binding site for RNA polymerase and transcription
factors
How does RNA polymerase recognize the promoter region? - Answer-transcription
factors bound to the promoter
what do transcription factors do? - Answer--recruit or block RNA polymerases
-helps regulate gene expression
-controls transcription
-help polymerase know where to bind
-increase or decrease gene expression at the level of polymerase
What are enhancers? - Answer-a part of RNA polymerases that increases the rate of
initiation and a promoters effectiveness
Where can enhancers appear on the DNA chain? - Answer-upstream or downstream
What is upstream? - Answer-towards the 5' end from promoter
, What is downstream? - Answer-towards the 3' end from promoter
What happens during initiation in transcription? - Answer-transcription factor binds to
promoter region and polymerase is recruited to the site
What happens during elongation in transcription? - Answer-RNA polymerase attaches
to the promoter site and unwinds a segment of DNA and separates the strands to reach
the template
What happens during termination in transcription? - Answer-RNA polymerase reaches a
termination signal and the newly formed RNA transcript is released from the DNA
What happens after transcription? - Answer--mRNA(any RNA type) leaves the nucleus
and travels to the ribosomes
What is translation? - Answer-RNA to protein
-protein synthesis
What is the purpose of translation? - Answer-put together amino acids to produce
protein
_________ Creates the transcript (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA) and _____________ translates
that message into the form of a protein - Answer-Transcription, translation
What RNA is found in ribosomes? - Answer-rRNA
How is information traveled to the ribosome? - Answer-as mRNA
What is the first step of translation? - Answer-tRNA binds to empty 'A' site within the
ribosome and matches anti-codon to codon on the mRNA
Whats a codon? - Answer-group of three nucleotide bases
What is a peptide bond? - Answer-covalent bond between amino acids
What is peptidyl transferase? - Answer-forms peptide bonds
what is the second step of translation? - Answer-Peptidyl transferase forms the peptide
bonds between amino acids and transfers the peptide chain from the 'p' site onto the
amino acid docked in the 'A' site
What is the third step of translation? - Answer-ribosome slides down the mRNA moving
the peptide into the 'P' site and opens up the 'A' site, which exposes the next codon and
the next tRNA comes in with an anti-codon and keeps repeating
