Biochemistry
Signalling
Compiled By Simon Mwangi
Edition: 2024/25
, Science | Biochemistry I of IV pages
1. Signal transduction pathway (5 steps)
Release of primary messengerReception of primary messengerDelivery of messenger inside cell by second
2. What does GPCR stand for?
G-protein coupled receptors
3. Most common mutation in cancer
Mutation in Ras
4. What does GEF stand for?
GDP exchange factor
5. What facilitates the change from GDP to GTP?
SOS (GEF) which binds to Ras
6. What is the first messenger?
Extracellular signal that activates a receptor from the outside of the cell
7. What is the second messenger?
low MW metabolite or inorganic ion that changes in concentration due to the effector enzyme
8. Where is Glut 4 especially present?
In the cytoplasm
9. Is there a high or low amount of second messengers during the resting state of the cell?
Low
10. Common second messengers
Calcium ion Diaclyglycerol Cyclic GMPCyclic AMPInostiol 1,4,5-triohosphate (IP3)
11. What activates the formation of cyclic nucleotides?
Adenylyl cyclase
12. What deactivates the formation of cyclic nucleotides?
cAMP phosphodiesterases
13. What does PI 3-kinase produce?
PIP3 Phosphorylates inositol (PIP2) in the 3rd position
14. What kind of messenger is calcium?
Second messenger
15. Is signal transduction specific?
Yes very specific
16. What is the Ka when the affinity is high?
Low
Biochemistry 2024/25 Edition
Signalling
Compiled By Simon Mwangi
Edition: 2024/25
, Science | Biochemistry I of IV pages
1. Signal transduction pathway (5 steps)
Release of primary messengerReception of primary messengerDelivery of messenger inside cell by second
2. What does GPCR stand for?
G-protein coupled receptors
3. Most common mutation in cancer
Mutation in Ras
4. What does GEF stand for?
GDP exchange factor
5. What facilitates the change from GDP to GTP?
SOS (GEF) which binds to Ras
6. What is the first messenger?
Extracellular signal that activates a receptor from the outside of the cell
7. What is the second messenger?
low MW metabolite or inorganic ion that changes in concentration due to the effector enzyme
8. Where is Glut 4 especially present?
In the cytoplasm
9. Is there a high or low amount of second messengers during the resting state of the cell?
Low
10. Common second messengers
Calcium ion Diaclyglycerol Cyclic GMPCyclic AMPInostiol 1,4,5-triohosphate (IP3)
11. What activates the formation of cyclic nucleotides?
Adenylyl cyclase
12. What deactivates the formation of cyclic nucleotides?
cAMP phosphodiesterases
13. What does PI 3-kinase produce?
PIP3 Phosphorylates inositol (PIP2) in the 3rd position
14. What kind of messenger is calcium?
Second messenger
15. Is signal transduction specific?
Yes very specific
16. What is the Ka when the affinity is high?
Low
Biochemistry 2024/25 Edition
