©THESTAR EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
RLS Final Exam Study Guide.
Cognitive well-being - Answers✔evaluation of one's overall life and specific aspects of life
(ex:leisure or work)
Affective well-being - Answers✔balance, that is, more positive emotion and less negative.
Core leisure activity - Answers✔home based, ordinary, accessible & regular; promotes closeness
among family members
Balance leisure activity - Answers✔less regular, novel, infrequent, & unique; provides challenge
and growth within family; related to family satisfaction & functioning
Canadian physical activity guidelines (18-64 years old) - Answers✔150+ mins of vigorous
physical activity per week
Play - Answers✔Helps children develop basic motor skills/coordination and peer interaction.
Parallel Play - Answers✔Playing beside each other but not interacting (2-3 year olds)
Cooperative play - Answers✔playing together and working together to create something (6-7
year olds)
Adolescents (use of leisure) - Answers✔To establish peer relationships, so they can feel
autonomous
Competitive sport (Adolecents) - Answers✔Can enhance their confidence and social status
(Zullig & White)
Skill intensive (young adults) - Answers✔Peak performance for this leisure while reducing
physically demanding sports
Counteract declines (late adult/Elderly) - Answers✔activities that increase flexibility, muscle,
and endurance as well as age related disabilities.
Sedentary activities - Answers✔Activities requiring no or little movement
Social media (adolescents) - Answers✔gives a sense of what types of presentations of self are
socially appropriate for their group
, ©THESTAR EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Joint leisure (young adults) - Answers✔Leisure done with a partner
ex: runner couples had higher marriage success than parallel runners
Empty nest - Answers✔When children leave a family, parents must search for new
activities/groups
failure to launch syndrome - Answers✔Half of millennials remain dependent on their parents
Social leisure (Old age) - Answers✔loss of formal social relationships and roles as a worker;
Increased Importance of friends & Informal/unplanned activities
Physical activity & cognitive function - Answers✔positive relationship; certain leisures improve
cognitive tests for older adults, juggling led to brain growth for someone with alzheimer's, any
novel activity such as that would have the effect (video game grandma)
Intellectual well-being (children) - Answers✔children lost 8 hours of self-initiated play per week
due to parents working conditions(90s/00s); play is now outsourced through summer
camp/organized sports
Intellectual well-being (Adults) - Answers✔Alcohol consumption led to brain shrinkage and
decreased cognitive function
Emotional well-being (Children) - Answers✔learn emotion management through play & develop
better locus of control through manipulating environments
Emotional well-being (Adults) - Answers✔Social programs can lower anxiety and increase
positive emotions, changes and continuity in leisure to cope with age-related events
Locus of control - Answers✔Perceived sources of control that influence life events
Continuity theory (identity) - Answers✔Participation in the same activity over time sustains
identity and well-being
Selective optimization with compensation theory (SOC) (emotional) - Answers✔focus on
emotionally attached activities while ceasing unimportant ones
Innovation theory (expanding) - Answers✔expanding one's leisure repertoire even in older ages
enhances and maintains well-being
Circumflex Model of emotions - Answers✔
Free-time and happiness - Answers✔Surprisingly, Barely related
Leisure as recreational activity - Answers✔Anything from video gaming to socializing to
playing sports
, ©THESTAR EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Leisure as psychological experience - Answers✔The state of mind when participating in leisure
(freedom, happiness, self-enrichment, and personal fulfillment); Flow or Zone
Flow/zone state - Answers✔a feeling of energized focus, full involvement and success in the
process of an activity
Leisure (Stebbins) - Answers✔un-coerced, contextually framed activity engaged in during free
time, which people want tot do and using their abilities and resources, actually do in either a
satisfying/fulfilling way ()
Leisure (Gui et al) - Answers✔Positive mental states experienced through typically un-obligated
activities that take place during free time with little time pressure
Demographic explanations - Answers✔Gender, age, race/ethnicity, income/social class,
disabilities, sexuality explain min 50% of leisure-time physical behaviours
Leisure and gender - Answers✔Women receive 40 mins less free time per day (gap has shrunk),
women simultaneously did housework and leisure 20% of time compared to 6%, boys meet
physical activity guidelines more than girls
Leisure activities by gender - Answers✔Women prefer: reading/listening, socializing, arts &
hobbies,
Men prefer:
Active sports & technology
Origin of recreation/leisure studies (USA) - Answers✔Why are AM's not coming to parks;
marginality, ethnicity/subculture, discrimination
Leisure and income - Answers✔Those with household income of 80,000+ experienced the
highest rate of sport participation, whereas it decreases for every 10,000 dollars less in income
Leisure and disability (memberships) - Answers✔memberships make up less than than 1% in
national sport organizations
Leisure and disability (largest barrier) - Answers✔Exclusion among others and in society is often
the largest barrier
Recreational therapy (RT/therapeutic recreation) - Answers✔Systematic process that utilizes
recreation and other activity based interventions to address the assessed needs of individuals with
illnesses/disabling conditions
Leisure and sexuality - Answers✔80% & Above have: witnessed or experienced homophobia in
sports, gay men/women faced slurs in sports, gay men/women are not out to their teammates
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
RLS Final Exam Study Guide.
Cognitive well-being - Answers✔evaluation of one's overall life and specific aspects of life
(ex:leisure or work)
Affective well-being - Answers✔balance, that is, more positive emotion and less negative.
Core leisure activity - Answers✔home based, ordinary, accessible & regular; promotes closeness
among family members
Balance leisure activity - Answers✔less regular, novel, infrequent, & unique; provides challenge
and growth within family; related to family satisfaction & functioning
Canadian physical activity guidelines (18-64 years old) - Answers✔150+ mins of vigorous
physical activity per week
Play - Answers✔Helps children develop basic motor skills/coordination and peer interaction.
Parallel Play - Answers✔Playing beside each other but not interacting (2-3 year olds)
Cooperative play - Answers✔playing together and working together to create something (6-7
year olds)
Adolescents (use of leisure) - Answers✔To establish peer relationships, so they can feel
autonomous
Competitive sport (Adolecents) - Answers✔Can enhance their confidence and social status
(Zullig & White)
Skill intensive (young adults) - Answers✔Peak performance for this leisure while reducing
physically demanding sports
Counteract declines (late adult/Elderly) - Answers✔activities that increase flexibility, muscle,
and endurance as well as age related disabilities.
Sedentary activities - Answers✔Activities requiring no or little movement
Social media (adolescents) - Answers✔gives a sense of what types of presentations of self are
socially appropriate for their group
, ©THESTAR EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Joint leisure (young adults) - Answers✔Leisure done with a partner
ex: runner couples had higher marriage success than parallel runners
Empty nest - Answers✔When children leave a family, parents must search for new
activities/groups
failure to launch syndrome - Answers✔Half of millennials remain dependent on their parents
Social leisure (Old age) - Answers✔loss of formal social relationships and roles as a worker;
Increased Importance of friends & Informal/unplanned activities
Physical activity & cognitive function - Answers✔positive relationship; certain leisures improve
cognitive tests for older adults, juggling led to brain growth for someone with alzheimer's, any
novel activity such as that would have the effect (video game grandma)
Intellectual well-being (children) - Answers✔children lost 8 hours of self-initiated play per week
due to parents working conditions(90s/00s); play is now outsourced through summer
camp/organized sports
Intellectual well-being (Adults) - Answers✔Alcohol consumption led to brain shrinkage and
decreased cognitive function
Emotional well-being (Children) - Answers✔learn emotion management through play & develop
better locus of control through manipulating environments
Emotional well-being (Adults) - Answers✔Social programs can lower anxiety and increase
positive emotions, changes and continuity in leisure to cope with age-related events
Locus of control - Answers✔Perceived sources of control that influence life events
Continuity theory (identity) - Answers✔Participation in the same activity over time sustains
identity and well-being
Selective optimization with compensation theory (SOC) (emotional) - Answers✔focus on
emotionally attached activities while ceasing unimportant ones
Innovation theory (expanding) - Answers✔expanding one's leisure repertoire even in older ages
enhances and maintains well-being
Circumflex Model of emotions - Answers✔
Free-time and happiness - Answers✔Surprisingly, Barely related
Leisure as recreational activity - Answers✔Anything from video gaming to socializing to
playing sports
, ©THESTAR EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Leisure as psychological experience - Answers✔The state of mind when participating in leisure
(freedom, happiness, self-enrichment, and personal fulfillment); Flow or Zone
Flow/zone state - Answers✔a feeling of energized focus, full involvement and success in the
process of an activity
Leisure (Stebbins) - Answers✔un-coerced, contextually framed activity engaged in during free
time, which people want tot do and using their abilities and resources, actually do in either a
satisfying/fulfilling way ()
Leisure (Gui et al) - Answers✔Positive mental states experienced through typically un-obligated
activities that take place during free time with little time pressure
Demographic explanations - Answers✔Gender, age, race/ethnicity, income/social class,
disabilities, sexuality explain min 50% of leisure-time physical behaviours
Leisure and gender - Answers✔Women receive 40 mins less free time per day (gap has shrunk),
women simultaneously did housework and leisure 20% of time compared to 6%, boys meet
physical activity guidelines more than girls
Leisure activities by gender - Answers✔Women prefer: reading/listening, socializing, arts &
hobbies,
Men prefer:
Active sports & technology
Origin of recreation/leisure studies (USA) - Answers✔Why are AM's not coming to parks;
marginality, ethnicity/subculture, discrimination
Leisure and income - Answers✔Those with household income of 80,000+ experienced the
highest rate of sport participation, whereas it decreases for every 10,000 dollars less in income
Leisure and disability (memberships) - Answers✔memberships make up less than than 1% in
national sport organizations
Leisure and disability (largest barrier) - Answers✔Exclusion among others and in society is often
the largest barrier
Recreational therapy (RT/therapeutic recreation) - Answers✔Systematic process that utilizes
recreation and other activity based interventions to address the assessed needs of individuals with
illnesses/disabling conditions
Leisure and sexuality - Answers✔80% & Above have: witnessed or experienced homophobia in
sports, gay men/women faced slurs in sports, gay men/women are not out to their teammates
