Nursing Pathophysiology Exam 1
Questions And Already Passed Answers.
Pathophysiology - Answer Study of the body's response to dysfunction
Disease - Answer Interruption, cessation or disorder of a body system
Etiology - Answer The cause of a disease
Clinical manifestations - Answer Symptoms and chief complaints
Morphological changes - Answer Structural changes that are a result of the disease process
Etiological factors - Answer Biologic agents, physical forces, chemicals, nutritional excess or deficiency,
genetic factors
What are the three mechanisms of cellular adaptation? - Answer Size: atrophy and hypertrophy
Number: hyperplasia
Irregular shape: dysplasia (severe) and metaplasia (chronic)
Intercellular accumulation - Answer Results from normal substances, abnormal endogenous or
exogenous products
Dystrophic pathological calcification - Answer In injured tissue, dead cells create calcium deposits that
can cause aortic stenosis or be a result of a fracture or TB
Metastatic Pathological Calcifications - Answer Caused by an increase of serum calcium levels in non-
injured tissue
, Chemical injuries - Answer Lead, carbon tetrachloride, carbon monoxide, ethanol, mercury, street
drugs
Asphyxiation injuries - Answer Suffocation, strangulation, drowning
Hypoxic injuries - Answer Ischemia (lack of blood flow) and anoxia (lack of oxygen)
What does cellular aging cause? - Answer Atrophy, decreased functioning
Isotonic solutions - Answer Will cause no change to cells
0.9% saline
Hypertonic solutions - Answer Will cause cells to shrink/crenate
3% saline or 5% dextrose
Hypotonic solutions - Answer Will cause cells to swell
0.45% saline
Edema - Answer Accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces
What are causes of edema? - Answer Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure (fluid moves from
capillary to interstitial space)
Decrease in plasma osmotic pressure (decrease in RBC, plasma and proteins causing fluid to leak into
tissues)
Increase in capillary permeability (inflammation causes fluid to leak into surrounding tissues)
Lymph obstruction
What are the functions of Na as a cation? - Answer Neuromuscular irritability, acid base balance
through the exchange of water and bicarb, chemical reactions and membrane transport
Questions And Already Passed Answers.
Pathophysiology - Answer Study of the body's response to dysfunction
Disease - Answer Interruption, cessation or disorder of a body system
Etiology - Answer The cause of a disease
Clinical manifestations - Answer Symptoms and chief complaints
Morphological changes - Answer Structural changes that are a result of the disease process
Etiological factors - Answer Biologic agents, physical forces, chemicals, nutritional excess or deficiency,
genetic factors
What are the three mechanisms of cellular adaptation? - Answer Size: atrophy and hypertrophy
Number: hyperplasia
Irregular shape: dysplasia (severe) and metaplasia (chronic)
Intercellular accumulation - Answer Results from normal substances, abnormal endogenous or
exogenous products
Dystrophic pathological calcification - Answer In injured tissue, dead cells create calcium deposits that
can cause aortic stenosis or be a result of a fracture or TB
Metastatic Pathological Calcifications - Answer Caused by an increase of serum calcium levels in non-
injured tissue
, Chemical injuries - Answer Lead, carbon tetrachloride, carbon monoxide, ethanol, mercury, street
drugs
Asphyxiation injuries - Answer Suffocation, strangulation, drowning
Hypoxic injuries - Answer Ischemia (lack of blood flow) and anoxia (lack of oxygen)
What does cellular aging cause? - Answer Atrophy, decreased functioning
Isotonic solutions - Answer Will cause no change to cells
0.9% saline
Hypertonic solutions - Answer Will cause cells to shrink/crenate
3% saline or 5% dextrose
Hypotonic solutions - Answer Will cause cells to swell
0.45% saline
Edema - Answer Accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces
What are causes of edema? - Answer Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure (fluid moves from
capillary to interstitial space)
Decrease in plasma osmotic pressure (decrease in RBC, plasma and proteins causing fluid to leak into
tissues)
Increase in capillary permeability (inflammation causes fluid to leak into surrounding tissues)
Lymph obstruction
What are the functions of Na as a cation? - Answer Neuromuscular irritability, acid base balance
through the exchange of water and bicarb, chemical reactions and membrane transport
