ONS/ONCC Chemotherapy Immunotherapy
ONS/ONCC Chemotherapy Immunotherapy
Certificate Latest Exam (Questions And Correct
Answers) Graded A+
What is the cell cycle
The cell cycle is the ordered series of processes of DNA replication and mitosis or cell division
What are the two phases of the cell cycle
interphase and mitotic phase
During interphase:
A typical cell spends most of its life in interphase, it is the metabolic phase where the cell obtains
nutrients and metabolizes them, grows and replicates its DNA in preparation of mitosis. It has the
following three steps:
1: First growth phase (G1 or first gap)
2: Synthesis phase (S phase)
3:Second growth phase ( G2 or second gap)
First Growth Phase (G1 or first gap)
-cells increase in size
,ONS/ONCC Chemotherapy Immunotherapy
-reproduce RNA
-"quality assurance" test that the cell will be ready to synthesis DNA
-Length of time is variable, can be from hours to days
Synthesis Phase (S phase)
-DNA replicates
-Results in the formation of identical pairs of DNA (chromatids) attached to a centromere
-lasts 10-20 hours
Second Growth Phase ( G2 or second gap)
-RNA and protein Synthesis
- last 2-10 hours
Mitotic Phase (M phase)
-Replicated chromosomes are aligned, separated, and move into 2 new, identical daughter cells
-takes about 30-60 minutes
How many steps in the Mitotic Phase
,ONS/ONCC Chemotherapy Immunotherapy
4 steps in the mitotic phase
- Prophase
- Anaphase
- Metaphase
-Telophase
Cytokenesis ( C phase)
division of cytoplasm and organelles
Major points of cell regulation are entry and exit from
-G1 checkpoint
-S Phase
-G2 checkpoint
-M phase
Restriction Point
-The transition from the resting phase into an actively dividing phase (G0-G1) is a point where cellular
transformation can occur
-During this time, cells pass through a transition phase known as a restriction point
, ONS/ONCC Chemotherapy Immunotherapy
-Extracellular growth factors trigger reentry into G1, and GF are required to send the cells past the
restriction point, or the point of no return
G0 Phase (resting phase)
-After mitosis, cells may enter back into the G1 phase or go into a resting phase, known as G0
-Most cells in the human body reside in G0
-Exceptions to this are those that are (Resting in G0 phase)
-Exceptions to this are those that are metabollically active, such as
-granulocytes
-and the epithelium of the GI tract
Cell Cycling Time
Amount of time from mitosis to mitosis
Check points in the Cell Cycle: Keeping it All Under Control
-The cell cycle is carefully controlled through a series of checkpoints
-Variation in duplication or distribution of chromosomes during cell division can alter the genetic
information passed on to daughter cells, leading to cellular dysfunction and disease, such as cancer
-These checkpoints monitor for DNA integrity and control progression through mitosis
ONS/ONCC Chemotherapy Immunotherapy
Certificate Latest Exam (Questions And Correct
Answers) Graded A+
What is the cell cycle
The cell cycle is the ordered series of processes of DNA replication and mitosis or cell division
What are the two phases of the cell cycle
interphase and mitotic phase
During interphase:
A typical cell spends most of its life in interphase, it is the metabolic phase where the cell obtains
nutrients and metabolizes them, grows and replicates its DNA in preparation of mitosis. It has the
following three steps:
1: First growth phase (G1 or first gap)
2: Synthesis phase (S phase)
3:Second growth phase ( G2 or second gap)
First Growth Phase (G1 or first gap)
-cells increase in size
,ONS/ONCC Chemotherapy Immunotherapy
-reproduce RNA
-"quality assurance" test that the cell will be ready to synthesis DNA
-Length of time is variable, can be from hours to days
Synthesis Phase (S phase)
-DNA replicates
-Results in the formation of identical pairs of DNA (chromatids) attached to a centromere
-lasts 10-20 hours
Second Growth Phase ( G2 or second gap)
-RNA and protein Synthesis
- last 2-10 hours
Mitotic Phase (M phase)
-Replicated chromosomes are aligned, separated, and move into 2 new, identical daughter cells
-takes about 30-60 minutes
How many steps in the Mitotic Phase
,ONS/ONCC Chemotherapy Immunotherapy
4 steps in the mitotic phase
- Prophase
- Anaphase
- Metaphase
-Telophase
Cytokenesis ( C phase)
division of cytoplasm and organelles
Major points of cell regulation are entry and exit from
-G1 checkpoint
-S Phase
-G2 checkpoint
-M phase
Restriction Point
-The transition from the resting phase into an actively dividing phase (G0-G1) is a point where cellular
transformation can occur
-During this time, cells pass through a transition phase known as a restriction point
, ONS/ONCC Chemotherapy Immunotherapy
-Extracellular growth factors trigger reentry into G1, and GF are required to send the cells past the
restriction point, or the point of no return
G0 Phase (resting phase)
-After mitosis, cells may enter back into the G1 phase or go into a resting phase, known as G0
-Most cells in the human body reside in G0
-Exceptions to this are those that are (Resting in G0 phase)
-Exceptions to this are those that are metabollically active, such as
-granulocytes
-and the epithelium of the GI tract
Cell Cycling Time
Amount of time from mitosis to mitosis
Check points in the Cell Cycle: Keeping it All Under Control
-The cell cycle is carefully controlled through a series of checkpoints
-Variation in duplication or distribution of chromosomes during cell division can alter the genetic
information passed on to daughter cells, leading to cellular dysfunction and disease, such as cancer
-These checkpoints monitor for DNA integrity and control progression through mitosis
