BIo 123 Chapter 10 study guide

BIo 123 Chapter 10 study guide

Assume a fossil is found in each of the layers of rock in this diagram. Which layer would
have the oldest fossil? Which would have the youngest fossil? - correct answers--Top
layer the youngest
Bottom layer the oldest

Briefly explain each of the first three observations laid out by Darwin's book Origin of Speci
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es.
a. What inference did Darwin make with these observations? - correct answers--
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1. All species are capable of producing more offspring than the environment can support.
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2. Populations tend to be stable.
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3. Resources are limited.
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a. Organisms compete with each other over access to resources.
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Briefly list the five conditions that must be met to achieve Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. -
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1correct answers-- 1


Populations must be large. There is no gene flow between populations. There are no mutat
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ions. Matings are random. The allele does not affect survival or reproduction.
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Compare physical, behavioral, and physiologic adaptations. Give an example of each. -
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correct answers--Physical adaptations are visible structural differences (e.g. coloration).
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Behavioral adaptations are some regular instinctual action (e.g. migration).
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Physiologic adaptations occur at the cell or tissue level (e.g. skin tanning)
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Contrast interspecific and intraspecific competition. - correct answers--
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Interspecific competition occurs between different species. Intraspecific occurs within the
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same species. 1




Contrast the theory of catastrophism with that of uniformitarianism. - correct answers--
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Catastrophism explains extinction with sudden, massive disasters like floods. Uniformitari
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anism favored small, gradual changes that phased out species over time.
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Cystic fibrosis is a disorder caused by a recessive trait. If one out of every 3,500 Caucasian
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1babies is born with the disorder, how prevalent is each genotype? (homozygous dominant
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, heterozygous, homozygous recessive) - correct answers--
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The homozygous recessive genotype (q2) is 1/3500 or 0.00029. (0.029%)
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The homozygous dominant genotype is 0.966. (96.6%)
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The heterozygous genotype is 0.034. (3.4%)
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Numbers do not exactly add to 100% due to rounding.
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