2024 Pearson Edexcel Level 1/Level 2 GCSE Astronomy 1AS0/02. Paper 2 Telescopic Astronomy. Question Paper & Marking Scheme Merged Pearson Edexcel Level 1 / Level 2 GCSE (9–1) Tuesday 18 June 2024 Afternoon (Time: 1 hour 45 minutes) Paper reference

2024 Pearson Edexcel Level 1/Level 2 GCSE Astronomy 1AS0/02. Paper 2 Telescopic Astronomy. Question Paper & Marking Scheme Merged Pearson Edexcel Level 1 / Level 2 GCSE (9–1) Tuesday 18 June 2024 Afternoon (Time: 1 hour 45 minutes) Paper reference 1AS0/02 Astronomy Paper 2 Telescopic Astronomy You must have: ■ ■ Total Marks Formulae and Data Sheet (enclosed) Calculator, ruler Instructions • Use black ink or ball-point pen. centre number and candidate number. • Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name, • • Answer all questions. Answer the questions in the spaces provided – there may be more space than you need. • Calculators may be used. • Any diagrams may NOT be accurately drawn, unless otherwise indicated. at the end of your solution. • You must show all your working out with your answer clearly identified Information • The marks for each question are shown in brackets • The total mark for this paper is 100. – use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question. Advice • Read each question carefully before you start to answer it. • Try to answer every question. • Check your answers if you have time at the end. P75501A ©2024 Pearson Education Ltd. F:1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/ Turn over 2 ■■■■ Formulae Equation of Time = Apparent Solar Time (AST) – Mean Solar Time (MST) Kepler’s 3rd law: T 2 = a constant r3 Magnification of telescope: magnification = fo fe Distance modulus formula: M = m + 5 – 5 log d Redshift formula: λ − λ0 = v λ0 c Hubble’s law: v = H0 d Data Mass of Earth 6.0 × 1024 kg Mean diameter of Earth 13 000 km Mean diameter of Moon 3500 km Mean diameter of Sun 1.4 × 106 km One Astronomical Unit (AU) 1.5 × 108 km Mean Earth to Moon distance 380 000 km One light year (l.y.) 9.5 × 1012 km One parsec (pc) 3.1 × 1013 km = 3.26 l.y. Sidereal day of Earth 23 h 56 min Synodic day of Earth 24 h 00 min Temperature of solar photosphere 5800 K Hubble Constant 68 km/s/Mpc Speed of light in vacuum 3.0 × 108 m/s DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA Name Type of body Mean distance from Sun/AU Sidereal period/ Earth year Mean temperature /°C Diameter /1000 km Mass/ Earth mass Ring systems Moons Mercury planet 0.38 0.24 170 4.9 0.055 no none Venus planet 0.72 0.62 470 12.1 0.82 no none Earth planet 1.0 1.0 15 12.8 1.00 no 1: the Moon Mars planet 1.5 1.9 –50 6.9 0.11 no 2 small moons: Deimos and Phobos Ceres dwarf planet 2.8 4.6 –105 0.95 1.5 × 10–4 no none Jupiter planet 5.2 11.9 –150 143 318 yes 4 major moons: Ganymede, Callisto, Europa, Io >60 others Saturn planet 9.5 29.5 –180 121 95 yes 5 major moons: including Titan, Iapetus >55 others Uranus planet 19.1 84.0 –210 51 15 yes 5 major moons: including Titania, Oberon >20 others Neptune planet 30.0 165 –220 50 17 yes 1 major: Triton >12 others Pluto dwarf planet 39.5 248 –230 2.4 2.2 × 10–3 no 1 major: Charon >4 other moons Haumea dwarf planet 43.1 283 –241 1.4 6.7 × 10–4 no 2 Eris dwarf planet 67.8 557 –230 2.3 2.8 × 10–3 no at least 1 3 Turn over ■■■ ■ Answer ALL questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided. Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your mind about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross . 1 (a) An astronomer photographs some astronomical objects through a telescope. Identify each object from its photograph. (i) The object shown in Figure 1. A binary star B comet C galaxy D globular cluster Figure 1 (1) DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA 4 ■■■■ 5 Turn over ■■■■ (ii) The object shown in Figure 2. A binary star B comet C galaxy D globular cluster Figure 2 (1) (b) An astronomer studies some astronomical objects through a telescope. She writes a short description of each object. Identify each object from its description. (i) A reddish-coloured disc with white ice caps at its poles. A Mars B Mercury C Neptune D Pluto (ii) A ball-shaped group of thousands of bright stars. A accretion disc B double star C globular cluster D planetary nebula (1) (1) DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA 6 ■■■■ (iii) A rapidly-expanding shell of gas. A accretion disc B double star C globular cluster D planetary nebula (c) A student makes a small telescope, similar in size to the one used by Galileo Galilei in 1609. He uses the telescope to look at the planet Jupiter. Sketch the appearance of Jupiter through this telescope. (1) (3) (Total for Question 1 = 8 marks) DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA 7 Turn over ■■■■ 2 (a) (i) Which of the following is the terrestrial planet with the largest mass? A Earth B Mars C Neptune D Uranus (ii) Which of the following is the gas giant planet with the smallest mass? A Earth B Mars C Neptune D Uranus (b) (i) Which of the following missions took astronauts to the surface of the Moon? A Apollo B Giotto C New Horizons D Voyager (ii) Which of the following missions took the first detailed photographs of the surface of Pluto? A Apollo B Giotto C New Horizons D Voyager (c) (i) Which of the following is thought to be the origin of long-period comets? A Asteroid Belt B Goldilocks Zone C Kuiper Belt D Oort Cloud (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA 8 ■■■■ (ii) Which of the following contains the closest dwarf planet to the Earth? A Asteroid Belt B Goldilocks Zone C Kuiper Belt D Oort Cloud (d) (i) Which of the following methods is the most accurate way to measure the distance to the Moon? A heliocentric parallax B measuring its redshift and using Hubble’s Law C measuring the luminosity of a Cepheid variable D timing a beam of light reflected from its surface (ii) Which of the following methods is the most accurate way to measure the distance to the Andromeda galaxy? A heliocentric parallax B measuring its redshift and using Hubble’s Law C measuring the luminosity of a Cepheid variable D timing a beam of light reflected from its surface (1) (1) (1) (Total for Question 2 = 8 marks) DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA BLANK PAGE QUESTION 3 BEGINS ON THE NEXT PAGE. ■■■■ 9 Turn over 10 ■■■■ 3 (a) Figure 3 is a drawing of an early design of refracting telescope, used by the astronomer Christiaan Huygens in the seventeenth century. B D C A Figure 3 The eyepiece lens (A) is mounted on a tripod in front of the astronomer. The objective lens (B) is mounted high up on a tall pole (C). The two lenses are connected by a piece of string (D). (i) Suggest a reason for the piece of string between the two lenses. (1) ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA 11 Turn over ■■■■ Table 1 shows some information about a telescope of this design. Aperture 20cm Focal length of objective lens 64m Focal length of eyepiece lens 130cm Table 1 (ii) Calculate the magnification of this telescope. Use information from Table 1. Magnification = ............................................................. (iii) An astronomer plans to use this telescope to make detailed observations of the planet Uranus. Comment on the suitability of this telescope for observing Uranus. Use information from Figure 3 and Table 1. (2) (3) ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... (b) State one advantage of using a reflecting, rather than a refracting, telescope for astronomical observation.