CHAPTER 5 - THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS (100% CORRECT ANSWERS)
WITH RATIONALES
u Peptide hormones - Correct answer.-made up of amino acids
-they cannot pass the plasma membrane; thus bind to an extracellular receptor
-considered the "first messenger" and triggers transmission of a second receptor
-have rapid onset, but are short lived without constant stimulation
-these hormones travel freely in the bloodstream and do not require a special carrier
Signaling Cascade - Correct answer.the connection between the hormone at the surface and the effect
brought about by second messengers
Common second messengers - Correct answer.-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)
-inositol
-triphosphate (IP3)
-calcium
Steroid Hormones - Correct answer.-derived from cholesterol
-primarily produced by the gonads and adrenal cortex
-since derived from nonpolar molecules, can easily cross the cell membrane
-receptors found intracellular or intranuclear
-hormone-receptor complex binds to DNA, affecting the transcription of a particular gene
-these hormones usually have slow onset but are long lived
-hormones cannot dissolve in the bloodstream and must be carried by specific proteins
Amino Acid-Derivative Hormones - Correct answer.-modified amino acids
, -less common than peptide and steroid hormones
-some act like peptide hormones and some act like steroid hormones
Direct Hormones - Correct answer.-are secreted and then act directly on a target tissue
-ex: insulin released by the pancreas causes increased uptake of glucose by muscles
Tropic Hormones - Correct answer.-one hormone causes another hormone to do something
-ex: GnRH from hypothalamus stimulates release of LH and FSH
-tropic hormones usually originate in the brain and anterior pituitary gland
Endocrine glands include... - Correct answer.-hypothalamus
-pituitary
-thyroid
-parathyroid
-adrenal glands
-pancreas
-gonads
-pineal gland
organs that also produce hormones but not as a main function include... - Correct answer.-kidneys
-gastrointestinal glands
-heart
-thymus
Functions of the hypothalamus - Correct answer.-bridge between the nervous and the endocrine system
-hypothalamus controls the pituitary through paracrine release of hormones into a portal system that
directly connects the two organs
-hypothalamus receives input from a wide variety of sources
-release of hormones by the hypothalamus is regulated via negative feedback
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS (100% CORRECT ANSWERS)
WITH RATIONALES
u Peptide hormones - Correct answer.-made up of amino acids
-they cannot pass the plasma membrane; thus bind to an extracellular receptor
-considered the "first messenger" and triggers transmission of a second receptor
-have rapid onset, but are short lived without constant stimulation
-these hormones travel freely in the bloodstream and do not require a special carrier
Signaling Cascade - Correct answer.the connection between the hormone at the surface and the effect
brought about by second messengers
Common second messengers - Correct answer.-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)
-inositol
-triphosphate (IP3)
-calcium
Steroid Hormones - Correct answer.-derived from cholesterol
-primarily produced by the gonads and adrenal cortex
-since derived from nonpolar molecules, can easily cross the cell membrane
-receptors found intracellular or intranuclear
-hormone-receptor complex binds to DNA, affecting the transcription of a particular gene
-these hormones usually have slow onset but are long lived
-hormones cannot dissolve in the bloodstream and must be carried by specific proteins
Amino Acid-Derivative Hormones - Correct answer.-modified amino acids
, -less common than peptide and steroid hormones
-some act like peptide hormones and some act like steroid hormones
Direct Hormones - Correct answer.-are secreted and then act directly on a target tissue
-ex: insulin released by the pancreas causes increased uptake of glucose by muscles
Tropic Hormones - Correct answer.-one hormone causes another hormone to do something
-ex: GnRH from hypothalamus stimulates release of LH and FSH
-tropic hormones usually originate in the brain and anterior pituitary gland
Endocrine glands include... - Correct answer.-hypothalamus
-pituitary
-thyroid
-parathyroid
-adrenal glands
-pancreas
-gonads
-pineal gland
organs that also produce hormones but not as a main function include... - Correct answer.-kidneys
-gastrointestinal glands
-heart
-thymus
Functions of the hypothalamus - Correct answer.-bridge between the nervous and the endocrine system
-hypothalamus controls the pituitary through paracrine release of hormones into a portal system that
directly connects the two organs
-hypothalamus receives input from a wide variety of sources
-release of hormones by the hypothalamus is regulated via negative feedback
