NSG6006 Pre-specialty Evaluation Test/ 114 Q&A/
2024-2025.
metaparadigm - Answer: is a world view of discipline (human beings, environment, health &
nursing).
philosophies - Answer: a statement encompassing onto-logical claims about the phenomena of
central interest came to a discipline, epistemic claims about how those phenomena come to be
known, anjud ethical claims about what the discipline value, and noted that the function of a
philosophy is to communicate what the members of a discipline believe to be true in relation to
the phenomena of interest to that discipline
conceptual models - Answer: a set of relatively abstract and general concepts that address the
phenomena of central interest to a discipline, the propositions that broadly describe those
concepts, and the propositions that state relatively abstract and general relations between two
or more concepts.
Page 1 of 20
,theories - Answer: one or more relatively concrete and specific concepts that are derived from a
conceptual model, the propositions that narrowly describe those concepts, and the
propositions that state relatively concrete and specific relations between two or more concepts
grand theory - Answer: abstract, broad theory consists of propositions that are less broad and
abstract than a conceptual model, but not as specific and concrete as middle range theory
Grand theories - Answer: • Leininger's Cultural Care, Diversity and Universality Theory and
Model
• Margaret Newman Theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness
middle range theory - Answer: less abstract, narrower in scope, and has fewer propositions and
concepts than grand theory.
middle range theories - Answer: • Jean Watson: Theory of Human Caring
• Imogene King: Conceptual System & Theory of Goal Attainment
• Nola Pender: Health Promotion Theory
empirical indicators - Answer: provide a way for middle-range theories to be tested or
generated, but there is no direct link between empirical indicators and conceptual models,
philosophies, or the metaparadigm
proposition - Answer: a statement about one or more concepts
Theory of Human Caring
- Jean Watson - - Answer: Initially differentiated nursing and medicine, stating that curing is a
domain for medicine, and caring is a domain of nursing. It indicated that transpersonal caring
relationship depends on moral commitment to human dignity, wholeness, caring, and healing
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, Conceptual System and Theory of Goal Attainment
- Imogene King - - Answer: Conceptual system that is the notion that human beings are open
systems interacting constantly with the environment
Theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness
- Margaret Newman - - Answer: Patterning of a person's interaction with the environment.
Consciousness is a manifestation of an evolving pattern of person-environment interaction.
Cultural Care Diversity and Universality Theory Model
- Madeleine Leininger - - Answer: Theory of transcultural nursing promotes understanding of
both the universally held and common understanding of care among humans and the culture
specific caring beliefs and behaviors that define any caring context or interaction
Health Promotion Model
- Nola Pender - - Answer: Health promotion revolves around raising consciousness related to
health promoting behaviors, promoting self-efficacy, enhancing the benefits of change, and
managing the barriers to change
Humanistic Learning Theory - Answer: emphasizes a person-centered approach and stresses the
importance of feeling over thoughts. The subjective human experience of each individual is
seen as being of value, and human relationships depend on being spontaneous, authentic, and
empathetic. The goal is to help individuals express their inner creativity, reach their inner
potential, and strive for personal growth. Maslow Hierarchy of Needs
Behaviorist Learning Theory - Answer: Learning is based on associations people make between
stimuli and responses, and the belief that life is largely a matter of habit that requires little
thinking. What is learned can be unlearned by modifying the stimulus conditions in the
environment or changing the response to stimuli. B.F. Skinner operant conditioning & Pavlov
classical conditioning
Page 3 of 20
2024-2025.
metaparadigm - Answer: is a world view of discipline (human beings, environment, health &
nursing).
philosophies - Answer: a statement encompassing onto-logical claims about the phenomena of
central interest came to a discipline, epistemic claims about how those phenomena come to be
known, anjud ethical claims about what the discipline value, and noted that the function of a
philosophy is to communicate what the members of a discipline believe to be true in relation to
the phenomena of interest to that discipline
conceptual models - Answer: a set of relatively abstract and general concepts that address the
phenomena of central interest to a discipline, the propositions that broadly describe those
concepts, and the propositions that state relatively abstract and general relations between two
or more concepts.
Page 1 of 20
,theories - Answer: one or more relatively concrete and specific concepts that are derived from a
conceptual model, the propositions that narrowly describe those concepts, and the
propositions that state relatively concrete and specific relations between two or more concepts
grand theory - Answer: abstract, broad theory consists of propositions that are less broad and
abstract than a conceptual model, but not as specific and concrete as middle range theory
Grand theories - Answer: • Leininger's Cultural Care, Diversity and Universality Theory and
Model
• Margaret Newman Theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness
middle range theory - Answer: less abstract, narrower in scope, and has fewer propositions and
concepts than grand theory.
middle range theories - Answer: • Jean Watson: Theory of Human Caring
• Imogene King: Conceptual System & Theory of Goal Attainment
• Nola Pender: Health Promotion Theory
empirical indicators - Answer: provide a way for middle-range theories to be tested or
generated, but there is no direct link between empirical indicators and conceptual models,
philosophies, or the metaparadigm
proposition - Answer: a statement about one or more concepts
Theory of Human Caring
- Jean Watson - - Answer: Initially differentiated nursing and medicine, stating that curing is a
domain for medicine, and caring is a domain of nursing. It indicated that transpersonal caring
relationship depends on moral commitment to human dignity, wholeness, caring, and healing
Page 2 of 20
, Conceptual System and Theory of Goal Attainment
- Imogene King - - Answer: Conceptual system that is the notion that human beings are open
systems interacting constantly with the environment
Theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness
- Margaret Newman - - Answer: Patterning of a person's interaction with the environment.
Consciousness is a manifestation of an evolving pattern of person-environment interaction.
Cultural Care Diversity and Universality Theory Model
- Madeleine Leininger - - Answer: Theory of transcultural nursing promotes understanding of
both the universally held and common understanding of care among humans and the culture
specific caring beliefs and behaviors that define any caring context or interaction
Health Promotion Model
- Nola Pender - - Answer: Health promotion revolves around raising consciousness related to
health promoting behaviors, promoting self-efficacy, enhancing the benefits of change, and
managing the barriers to change
Humanistic Learning Theory - Answer: emphasizes a person-centered approach and stresses the
importance of feeling over thoughts. The subjective human experience of each individual is
seen as being of value, and human relationships depend on being spontaneous, authentic, and
empathetic. The goal is to help individuals express their inner creativity, reach their inner
potential, and strive for personal growth. Maslow Hierarchy of Needs
Behaviorist Learning Theory - Answer: Learning is based on associations people make between
stimuli and responses, and the belief that life is largely a matter of habit that requires little
thinking. What is learned can be unlearned by modifying the stimulus conditions in the
environment or changing the response to stimuli. B.F. Skinner operant conditioning & Pavlov
classical conditioning
Page 3 of 20
